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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the components of body composition?
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Fat and Non Fat
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Body Fat Storage Sites
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- Essential Fat
- Storage Fat |
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Essential Fat
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- Minimal amount of body fat needed for normal physiological functions
- Constitutes about 3% of total weight in men and 12% in women |
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Storage Fat
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Body fat in excess of essential fat; stored in adipose tissue
a) visceral fat- protects internal organs from trauma b) subcutaneous fat - beneath the skins surface |
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Minimal standard of leanness, men and women
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3% males
12% females |
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2 body composition evaluation types
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Direct and Indirect
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Problem with Direct Evaluation
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patient must be dead
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6 types of indirect evaluation for body composition
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Hydrostatic weighing - gold standard
Fat Fold (skin fold) - experience Bioelectrical Impedance - hydration (hand held machine that we used in class) MRI - expensive DEXA Bod Pod (air displacement) |
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Health Risks of Obesity
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impaired cardiac function
adult diabetes kidney disease pulmonary disease/impaired function osteoarthritis cancer abnormal lipid levels psychological burden |
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Overweight and Obesity Trends in US (men and women)
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average man is a little overweight
average women are way obese |
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Fat cell size and number
(three types) |
hypertrophy - increase in cell size (gain weight)
atrophy - decrease in cell size Hyperplasia - increase in cell number - only happens in obese people (60% body fat) |
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Apples
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- abdominal fat
- Increase in visceral fat - Central fat increases insulin resistance, cancer, high cholesterol, HBP, atherosclerosis |
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Pears
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fat stored below the belly, mostly in women
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Waist to Hip Ratio
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- also designed to estimate risk for disease
- based on scientific evidence - abdominal fat vs. hips/thigh fat - diseases: coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, stroke and diabetes - visceral fat more dangerous than subcutaneous fat |
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Body Mass Index
(three points) |
- using height and weight to estimate critical fat values at which risk for disease increases
- useful for 19 to 70 yr olds - can't distinguish fat from lean body mass |
