Chapter 4

Front 1

Back country

Back 1

a remote and undeveloped area.

Front 2

Great Awakening

Back 2

a religious revival in American religious history. They were characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase in interest in religion, a profound sense of guilt and redemption on the part of those affected

Front 3

Fort Duquesne

Back 3

a fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh in the state of Pennsylvania.

Front 4

King George war

Back 4

the name given to the operations in North America that formed part of the 1744–1748 War of the Austrian Succession. It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.

Front 5

Albany Plan

Back 5

proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes" during the French and Indian War

Front 6

Albany Congress

Back 6

a meeting of representatives of seven of the British North American colonies in 1754 (specifically, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island)

Front 7

Seven Years War

Back 7

a major military conflict that lasted from 1756 until the conclusion of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. It involved all of the major European powers of the period.

Front 8

Peace of Paris

Back 8

the set of treaties which ended the American Revolutionary War. On 3 September 1783, representatives of King George III of Great Britain signed a treaty in Paris with representatives of the United States of America - commonly known as the Treaty of Paris

Front 9

George Whitefield

Back 9

an Anglican itinerant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in Great Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies.

Front 10

Jonathan Edwards

Back 10

theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

Front 11

Parliament

Back 11

the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories

Front 12

William Pitt

Back 12

English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder

Front 13

General Braddock

Back 13

a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763)

Front 14

entrepots

Back 14

a trading post where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit

Front 15

John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon

Back 15

Authors of Cato's letters.

Front 16

John Locke

Back 16

an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers

Front 17

Pennsylvania Dutch

Back 17

the descendants of Germanic peoples who emigrated to the U.S. (primarily to Pennsylvania), from Germany, Switzerland and The Low Countries prior to 1800

Front 18

Middle Ground

Back 18

a compromise position between extremes; the middle distance

Front 19

Gilbert Tennent

Back 19

A religious leader in Philadelphia who was influential in the Great Awakening.

Front 20

Molasses Act

Back 20

imposed taxes on molasses, rum, and sugar imported into the American colonies, which would effectively close trade with the West Indies and destroy New England's rum industry

Front 21

Charles Chauncy

Back 21

an Anglo-American clergyman and educator

Front 22

Cato's letters

Back 22

essays by British writers John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, first published from 1720 to 1723 under the pseudonym of Cato (95-46 BC), the implacable foe of Julius Caesar and a famously stubborn champion of republican principles.

Front 23

James Davenport

Back 23

an American clergyman and itinerant preacher noted for his often controversial actions during the First Great Awakening.

Front 24

"Old Lights"

Back 24

Intellectualists, followed tradition, and result of the reformation and enlightenment.

Front 25

"New Lights"

Back 25

Emotionalists who believed in blind faith and were anti-intellectualists.

Front 26

Evangelicals

Back 26

of or pertaining to or in keeping with the Christian gospel especially as in the first 4 books of the New Testament

Front 27

Henry Muehlenberg

Back 27

was the founder of the Lutheran Church in the U.S. Politician in Pennsylvania who was influential in the great awakening.

Front 28

Cotton Mather

Back 28

a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author and pamphleteer

Front 29

Mestizo

Back 29

Offspring of Spanish and Indians

Front 30

Mulatto

Back 30

Offspring of Spanish and Blacks.

Front 31

Transportation Act

Back 31

An Act for the further preventing Robbery, Burglary, and other Felonies, and for the more effectual Transportation of Felons, and unlawful Exporters of Wool; and for declaring the Law upon some Points relating to Pirates.

Front 32

King William's War

Back 32

The first of the French and Indian Wars, King William's War (1689–97) was the name used in the English colonies in America to refer to the North American theater of the War of the Grand Alliance

Front 33

Queen Anne's War

Back 33

was the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought between France and England (later Great Britain)In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified as the Kingdom of Great Britain

Front 34

King George's War

Back 34

the name given to the operations in North America that formed part of the 1744-1748 War of the Austrian Succession. It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.

Front 35

Navigation Acts

Back 35

a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651

Front 36

Benjamin Franklin

Back 36

printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered with great importance.

Front 37

Constitution

Back 37

a set of rules for government—often codified as a written document—that enumerates and limits the powers and functions of a political entity

Front 38

What powers did Royal Governors have and not have?

Back 38

They had the right to veto legislation, dismiss judges and more. They served as military commanders in each province.