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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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multi drug resistant organisms
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organisms that are resistant to one or more classes antimicrobial drugs
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aminoglycosides are
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antibiotics that are classified as bactericidal drugs
potent drug of choice for virulent infection not given orally because of poor oral absorption |
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three most commonly used amino glycosides are
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amikacin
gentamicin tobramycin |
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therapeutic drug monitoring
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blood level checked so dosages can be adjusted to maintain optimal levels that maximize drug efficiency and minimize risk of toxicity
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aminoglycosides is monitored do to the _______ and ____ assoc with these drugs
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nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
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minimum inhibitory concentration is
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lab measures lowest concentration of a drug needed to kill a certain standard amount of bacteria
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time dependent killing
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amount of time the drug is above the mic is critical for maximal bacterial kill
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concentration dependent killing
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achieving a drug plasma concentration that is a certain level above the MIC
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amino glycosides are given
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once a day
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nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
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hearing loss (ototoxicity) and nephrotoxicity
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when should the trough level be drawn
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8 -12 hours after completion of IV dose
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when are peak levels drawn
when are trough levels drawn |
peak - 30 min after infusion
trough - drawn right before next dose |
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how do amino glycosides work
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bind to ribosomes, specifically the 30S ribosome thereby prevent protein synthesis in bacteria
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amino glycosides are used most often with other antibiotics such as
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beta lactams or vancomyocin
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synergistic effect
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combined effects of the two antibiotics is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug acing separately
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when amino glycosides are used in combination with beta - lactam antibiotics PCN , Cephalosporings which one is given first
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Beta - lactam antibiotics
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postantibiotic effect
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period of continued bacterial growth suppression that occurs after short term antibiotic exposure
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aminoglycosised are used to treat
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serious gram negative infections and specific infections involving gram positive cocci
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serious pediatric infections for which aminoglycocides are used is
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pneumonia
meningitis UTI |
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amino glycosides are inactive against
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Fungi
Viruses most anaerobic bacteria |
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aminoglycosieds are used in pregnant women only in
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life threatening events
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adverse effects of aminoglycosides
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nephrotoxicity , ototoxicity affect hearing and balance
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what is the most common antibiotic used out of aminoglycocides
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can be given IV or IM
treats infectections with gram positive and gram negative |
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tobramycin
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generalized infections
used to treat recurrent pulmonary infections in pts with cystic fibrosis |
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neomyocin
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used for bacterial decontamination of the GI tract before surgical procedures
given orally or rectally not available in injectble forms |
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quinolones
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very potent bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotics, excellent oral absorption
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quinolone antibiotics destroy by altering their
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DNA
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how are quinolines excreted
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kidneys
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what are quinolines used to treat
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complicated UTI
respiratory, skin, GI , bone and joint infections |
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quinolones adverse effects
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HA, DIZZY, insomnia, depression, nausea, constipation, vomiting, ruptured tendons, tendonitis, fever , chills
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what causes a reduction in the oral absorption of the quinolone
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antacids , calcium, magnesium, iron , zinc, dairy produces , enteral tube feeding
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one of the first of the broad coverage potent quinolines to become available
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cipro
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cipro is the drug of choice to kill
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anthrax
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one of the most widely used quinolones
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levaquin
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clindomyocin is used to treat
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chronic bone infections
GU tract infections intraabdominal infections serious and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible bacteria |
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zyvox is used to treat
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MRSA
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antimicrobial drug widely used to treat intrabominal and gynecologic infections
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flagyl
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antibiotic drug indicated primarily for UTI infections
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macrodantin
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macrodantin is only available by which route
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orally
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renal function impairment b/c it concentrates in the urine
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macrodantin is contraindicated in p
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antibiotic that destroys bacteria by binding to the bacterial cell wall producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death
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vancomyocin
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with any antibiotic asses for
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superinfection or a secondary infection
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clindomyocin should not be given to pts with
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ulcerative colitis
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linezolid when used with SSRI cause
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serotonin toxicity
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linezolid is used to treat
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hospital acquired infections , pneumonia and complicated skin infections
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red man syndrome is what
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comes about when vacomyocin is infused to rapidly
itching , flushing, of head , face, neck upper trunk |
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who is red man syndrome relieved
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releived by lowering rate of infusion
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what are the s/s of superinfections
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diarrhea, vaginal discharge, stomatitis, loose and fouw smelling stools , cough
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when taking linezolid what foods should you avoid
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tyramine - red wine , aged cheese
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what med is most concerning when taking linezolid
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oral anticoagulants
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cubicin is used to treat complicated
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skin and soft tissue infections
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televancin is a newer drug that is effective against
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MRSA and VRE
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