Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gram positive staining turns what color
|
purple
|
|
|
gram negative stain what color
|
red
|
|
|
gram positive bacteria have a very thick
|
wall
|
|
|
gram negative bacteria have a cell wall structure that is
|
very complex
|
|
|
which bacteria is harder to treat
|
gram negative because of there complexity
|
|
|
community associated infection is one that is not acquired
|
by a person who has recently been hospitalized
|
|
|
health care associated infection (nosocomial infection)
|
infection acquired while a person is in the hospital - usually acquire within 48 hours of hospital stay
|
|
|
most infections that are acquired in the hospital are
|
UTI or post op wound infections
|
|
|
what is empiric therapy
|
given to avoid treatment delay, antibiotic based on dr judgement based on the pathogens causing the infection
|
|
|
when are cultures obtained
|
before drug therapy begins
|
|
|
definitive therapy
|
administration of antibiotics based n the known results of culture and sensitivity identifying the pathogen causing infection
|
|
|
broad spectrum antibiotics are
|
effective against a variety of organisms
|
|
|
narrow spectrum antibiotics are
|
effective against narrow organisms
|
|
|
prophylactic antibiotic therapy
|
used to prevent an infection
|
|
|
what are the s/s of antibiotic being toxic
|
rash, itching, hives, fever, chills, joint pain, difficulty breathing, wheezing
|
|
|
superinfection can occur when antibiotics
|
reduce or completely eliminate the normal bacterial flora, which consists of certain bacteria and fungi that are needed to maintain normal function in various organs
|
|
|
one of the more common food drug interactions is between milk or cheese and
|
tetracycline
|
|
|
s/s of anaphylaxis reactions are
|
flushing, itching, hives, anxiety, fast irregular heart beat, throat and tongue swelling
|
|
|
teratogens
|
drugs that cause developmental abnormalities for the fetus are
|
|
|
G6PD can cause what
|
may result in hemolysis
|
|
|
sulfonamides mechanism of action is
|
inhibit the growth of bacteria
|
|
|
sulfonamides work against
|
gram positive and gram negative
|
|
|
where are they eliminated at
|
the kidneys
|
|
|
sulfonamides are usually used to treat
|
UTI
|
|
|
sulfonamides are also used for people who have
|
opportunistic infections with HIV and Staph, MRSA
|
|
|
what drug should not be used in pts who have a sulfonamides
|
celbrex
|
|
|
when taking sulfonamides you should avoid the
|
sun - causes severe sunburn
|
|
|
what are the interactions with sulfonamides
|
may potentiate the effects of diabetes treatment, toxic effects of phenytoin, and the anticoagulant effects of warfarin (which can lead to hemorrhage) , can increase likelihood of nephrotoxicity, can reduce the effects of oral contraceptives
|
|
|
PCN (bactericidal antibiotics) kill
|
variety of gram positive and some gram negative
|
|
|
what is capable of destroying PCNS
|
beta lactamases
|
|
|
mechanism of action of PCNs
|
inhibition of bacterial cell walls
|
|
|
what does PCN work on
|
strep, staph, sepsis, intraabdominal infections, pneumonia
|
|
|
what is the most common reaction of PCN
|
uriticaria, pruritus and angioedema
|
|
|
amoxicillin is used to treat
|
ears, nose, throat, GI tract, skin and skin structures
|
|
|
cephalosporins work by
|
interfering with bacterial cell wall and synthesis
|
|
|
cephalosporins are not active against
|
fungi and viruses
|
|
|
what are the most common adverse reactions of cephalosporins
|
mild diarrhea , abdominal cramps, rash , pruritus, redness and edema
|
|
|
if you have an allergic reaction to PCN then you probably have an allergic reaction to
|
cephalosporins
|
|
|
carbapenems
|
they have the largest bactericidal action and they inhibit the cell wall synthisis
|
|
|
what are carbapenems reserved for
|
very complicated infections acquired in the hospital
|
|
|
macrolides
|
bacteriostatic
|
|
|
what are the three macrolides
|
clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin
|
|
|
macrolide antibiotics are bacteriostatic drugs that
|
inhibit protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the 50S ribosome subunits of susceptible microorganisms
|
|
|
macrocodes treat mnemonic (CARE)
|
clarithromycin
azithromycin roxithromycin erythromycin All CIN |
|
|
ketolides
|
ketek(telithromycin)
|
|
|
ketolides have been associated with severe
|
liver damage
|
|
|
tetracycline works by
|
inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria
|
|
|
tetracycline is used to treat
|
syphillis, chlamydia and gonorhea
|
|
|
adverse effects of tetracyclines are
|
discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel
|
|
|
what are the interactions with tetracyclines
|
antacids, antidiarrheal drugs, dairy products, calcium , enteral feedings or iron preparations - the oral absorption is reduced
|
|
|
macrocodes may cause
|
palpitations, chest pain and ECG changes
|
|
|
oral antibiotics can not be taken the same time as
|
antacids, calcium supplements, iron products, laxatives, antilipemic drugs
|
|
|
sulfonamides are to be avoided in pts with
|
G6PD and slow acetylation
|
|
|
what are some important points when taking PCN
|
1) take with 6 oz of water not juice
2) take one hour before meals or 2 hrs after meals 3)procaine and benzathine salt u need to use a 21 gauge needle |
|
|
macrocodes should not be given with or immediately before or after drinking
|
fruit juice to avoid interaction with a drug
|
|
|
tetracyclines cause
|
photosensitivity
|
|
|
do not take tetracyclines with
|
calcium, magnesium and iron
|
