Chapter 37 - 1

Front 1

Types of hypertension

Back 1

*PRIMARY HYPERTENSION

-- 90% - 95% of all cases of
hypertension
-- it's cause is unknown

*SECONDARY HYPERTENSION

-- Caused by underlying factors:
such as: kidney disease, some
drugs, certain arterial
conditions, and occasionally
pregnancy.

Front 2

Cardiac Output

Back 2

-- The volume of blood pumped by the Herat in a specific period
(Usually 1 minute)

-- Determined by strength, rate, and rhythm of the contraction of the left ventricle and the blood volume.

Front 3

Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Back 3

-- Force in the blood vessels that left ventricle must over come to eject blood from the heart

-- Resistance to blood flow determined by diameter of the blood vessels and blood viscosity (thickness)

-- increased peripheral vascular
resistance: the most prominent characteristics of hypertension

-- Diameter of blood vessels regulated by the vasomotor center

-- sympathetic nervous system tracts from the medulla extend Down the spinal cord to the thoracic and abdominal regions

-- Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system causes release of the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine

--Norepinephrine and Epinephrine are vasoconstrictors: they cause vessels to construct, making diameter smaller

-- by constricting the blood vessels, norepinephrine increases peripheral vascular resistance and raises BP

Epinephrine constrictes blood vessels and increases the force of cardiac contraction, causing BP to rise

Front 4

Risk Factors

Back 4

1. Dyslipidemia - abnormal amt
of fats in the blood

2. Atherosclerosis - Fat build up
In arteries

3. Diabetes Mellitus

4. Tobacco use

5. Age >55 years for men or
Age >65 years for woman

6. Family History:
--Father or Brother w/heart
disease before age 55
--Mother or sister w/heart
disease before age 65

7. Sedentary Lifestyle

8. Obesity