Chapter 35

Front 1

what are some of the benefits to using heated wire circuits with a heated humidifier?

Back 1

1) less condensate and reduced need for drainage
2) cost savings
3) less infection risk for patient and caregivers

Front 2

what airway appliances would you use to administer bland water aerosol to a patient with an intact upper airway?

Back 2

1) face tent
2) aerosol mask

Front 3

what are some of the potential hazards to using HME's?

Back 3

1) failure of low pressure arms to detect disconnection
2) hypoventilation due to increased dead space
3) underhydration or impaction of secretions

Front 4

What could be used to minimize the problems caused by condensation in heated humidifier circuits?

Back 4

1) Install water traps in the circuits
2) use a heated wire circuit

Front 5

List potential problems with manually refilled heated humidifier reservoirs?

Back 5

1) cross contamination and infection
2) variable compliance or delivered volume
3) delivery of dry and/or hot gases

Front 6

What device adds molecular water to gas?

Back 6

Humidifier

Front 7

What is the most common device used to generate bland aerosols?

Back 7

Large-volume jet nebulizer

Front 8

In general, to deliver O2 to the upper airway, a bubble humidifier is required only when the gas flow exceeds which of the following?

Back 8

4 L/min

Front 9

Heat-moisture exchangers (HME's) are maily used to do what?

Back 9

warm and humidify gases delivered to the trachea via ventilator circuits

Front 10

How often should HME's be inspected and replaced?

Back 10

At least every shift

Front 11

which of the following nebulizers uses a piezoelectric transducer to generate liquid particle aerosols?

Back 11

Ultrasonic nebulizer

Front 12

During routine use on an intubated patient, a heated humidifier should deliver inspired gas at what temp and water vapor?

Back 12

temp 33 +/- 2C, with a minimum of 30 mg/L of water vapor

Front 13

Unheated bubble humidifiers are of limited effectiveness at flows above how many L/min?

Back 13

10 L/min

Front 14

What type of patient would you not recommend administration of bland aerosol therapy to?

Back 14

1) patient with a history of airway hyperresponsiveness
2) patient with active bronchoconstriction

Front 15

what inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases directly into the trachea through an ET tube or a trach tube?

Back 15

100% RH at 32 to 35 C

Front 16

Why should you NOT heat the reservoirs of a bubble humidifier used with an oronasal oxygen delivery system?

Back 16

Condensate will obstruct the delivery tubing.

Front 17

what are three types of heat-moisture exchangers (HME's)?

Back 17

1) simple condenser
2) hygroscopic condenser
3) hydrophobic condenser

Front 18

which type of humidifier traps the patient's body heat and expired water vapor to raise the humidity of the inspired gas?

Back 18

heat-moister exchanger HME

Front 19

What can happen with inhalation of dry gases?

Back 19

1) Increase viscosity of secretions
2) Impair mucociliary motility
3) Increase airway irritability

Front 20

Factors affecting a humidifiers performance are what?

Back 20

1) surface area
2) temperature
3) time of contact

Front 21

the particle size produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer depends mainly on what?

Back 21

signal frequency

Front 22

what is the most reliable indicator that the gas delivered by a servo-controlled heated-wire humidifier is fully saturated a the airway?

Back 22

observing a few drops of condensate at or near the patients airway

Front 23

what precautions should be followed with patients who are immonosuppressed or have tuberculosis?

Back 23

1) those for tuberculosis exposure
2) centers for disease control and prevention standards and contact precautions
3) CDC standards and airborne precautions

Front 24

The amt of condensation occurring in a heated, humidified gas delivery system depends on what?

Back 24

1) length, diameter, and mass of the circuit
2) temp differential along the circuit
3) ambient temp
4) rate of gas flow through the circuit

Front 25

what are some types of passover humidifiers?

Back 25

1) simple reservoir
2) membrane
3) wick

Front 26

what is the goal of using an unheated bubble humidifier with oronasal oxygen delivery systems?

Back 26

Raise the humidity of the gas to ambient levels

Front 27

What are the necessary features when selecting a heated humidifier?

Back 27

1) water level readily visible
2) over-temperature protection
3) auditory and visual alarms
4) minimal temperature overshoot

Front 28

All mist tents prevent CO2 buildup by what process?

Back 28

providing high gas flows

Front 29

For what type of patient would you recommend bland aerosol therapy?

Back 29

1) patient with upper airway edema
2) patient with a bypassed upper airway
3) patient who must provide a sputum sample

Front 30

what principle is used by ultrasonic nebulizer to produce aerosol droplets?

Back 30

High-frequency vibrations

Front 31

A heated humidifier should trigger both auditory and visual alarms and interupt power to the heater when the temp exceeds what?

Back 31

40 C

Front 32

The greater the temperature of the gas, the

Back 32

more water vapor it can hold

Front 33

what is the point in the respiratory track where inspired gas reaches body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (BTPS) conditions?

Back 33

Isothermic saturation boundry

Front 34

Increasing the flow through an unheated bubble humidifier has what effects?

Back 34

decreasing the water vapor content

Front 35

An ideal HME should have an efficiency rating of at least what percentage?

Back 35

70%

Front 36

What barrier precautions should be used when heated humidifier circuits are changed or removed?

Back 36

1) wear gloves
2) wear goggles