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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A glycerol molecule yields---ATP molecules during---
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20, glycolysis
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B-oxidation adds a hydroxyl group at the ---carbon
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B
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The biochemical pathway that degrades fatty acids to acetyl CoA by removing 2 carbons at a time and yielding energy is---
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B-oxidation
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Lipids are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids in the --
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cytosol
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fatty acid oxidation occurs in the --
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mitochondria
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Activation of the b-oxidation occurs in the --
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cytosol
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The 5 steps in b-oxidation are
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activation, dehydrogenation or oxidation, hydration, oxidation and carbon-chain cleavage
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Step 2 is dehydrogenation, or the removal of ---, also known as--. Step 2 involves Acyl-CoA and dehydrogenase
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H2, oxidation
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Step 3 is hydration, which-----and converts the molecule to a ---.
Step 3 involves trans-enoyl-CoA and hydratase |
breaks double bonds, 2 alcohol
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Step 4 is the --- of the B-carbon and involves Hydroxyacyldehydrogenase.
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oxidation
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Step 5 is the --cleavage at the--carbon. It involves B-ketothiolase and Thiolase.
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carbon-chain, B
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B-oxidation removes-- carbons
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2
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At each cycle,----is produced
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1 acetyl CoA
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The cyclic spiral continues until -- carbons are left. At this point, two acetyl CoA molecules are produced in the ---step
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4, fragmentation
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B-oxidation is also called
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two-carbon chop
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In the B-oxidation spiral, each loop contains
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2 dehydrogenations(oxidation), 1 hydration and 1 fragmentation
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In each cycle of a spiral, what is produced?
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1 FADH2, 1 NADH+ H+ and 1 acetyl CoA
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Stearic acid produces---ATP molecules
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146
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per carbon atom there are---ATP molecules produced. Stearic acid is C18
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146/18= 8.1 ATP molecules per carbon atom
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Because ATP molecules are produced from the glycerol portion of lipids (20 ATP), lipids produce-- energy than carbs
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more
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The urea cycle takes place in the
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liver
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nitrogen excretion occurs in mammals in the form of
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urea
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The urea cycle uses ATP to make urea from
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ammonia, bicarbonate and L-aspartic acid
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The urea cycle uses ATP?
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true
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excess nitrogen occurs when (2reasons)
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humans consume more than needed protein
starvation and protein destroyed for energy |
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The main purpose of the urea cycle is to convert ammonia (a toxic cpd produced from metabolism of proteins) into a non-toxic substance called--
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urea
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