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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antigens |
chemical substances capable of mobilizing the immune system and provoking an immune response. They are microbes of microbial parts |
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The part of the antigen that stimulates immune system activity. |
antigenic determinant or epitope |
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Hapten |
a small organic molecule that is not itself antigenic but that may become antigenic when bound to a larger carrier molecule. |
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Artificially acquired passive immunity |
is the consequence of one person receiving preformed immunity made by another person. (immune globulin therapy) |
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Artificial acquired active immunity |
is established by vaccination. When antibodies and lymphocytes are produced as a result of vaccination. |
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Naturally acquired passive immunity |
comes from acquiring maternal antibodies. |
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Naturally acquired active immunity |
immunity results from contracting the disease and recovering. |
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Major histocompatability complex (MHC) |
a group of genes that encode three classes of proteins; only class I and class II are involved in antigen presentation; called human leukocytes antigen (HLA) complex in humans. |
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which of the following is an example of natural acquired activity immunity? |
A: immunity is gained from getting chickenpox as a child. |
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Class I molecules |
peptides are produced intracellularly by antigen processing in the proteosome. |
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Class II molecules |
exocytosis brings antigen into -presenting cells (APCs) and produces fragments in phagolysosomes. |
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The immune system cells |
arise from stems cells in the bone marrow |
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B lymphocytes (B cells) |
mature in the bone marrow. Mature B- cells produce specific antibodies against foreign antigen |
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T lymphocytes (T cells) |
leave the bone marrow and migrate to the thymus where they mature. Origin from lymphoid progenitors. Help B cells return to plasma. |
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what does the binding of the T-helper cell do? |
stimulates the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by the macrophage. IL-1 then activates the T-helper cells. |
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Antibody-Mediated (humoral) Immunity |
a response mediated by antige-specific B lymphocytes |
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CD4 helper cells in the immune system are.. |
T cells |
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CD8 helper cells in the immune system are |
cytotoxic cells |
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IgG |
make up the vast majority in blood and lymph. Has large skills. 80% of lg pool. Secondaryantibody response |
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IgM |
first antibody produced in blood and lymph in a primary antibody response. 8% of lg pool. |
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IgA |
found in the body cavities where it binds bacteria and viruses before they can infect tissue. 12% of lg pool. |
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IgE |
important in allergic reactions. Trace amounts in serum. |
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The transfusion reaction that arises from the mixing of incompatible blood types illustrates a/an |
type II hypersensitivity (kills cell directly), a cytotoxic hypersensitivity |
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Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity (most common allergy) |
a process involving IgE, mast cells, basophils and mediators that include smooth muscle contraction |
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Type III immune complex hypersensitivity (kills cell indirectly) |
involves IgG, IgM, complement, and the formation of antigen-antibody aggregates in the tissues |
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Type IV cellular hypersensitivity |
evidence of hypersensitivity seen 1 to 3 days post allergen challenge (sensitization). Delayed onset of hypersensitivity |
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Neutralization |
antigens and antibodies neutralize each other. There is no visible reaction. |
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Infection |
the state occurring when a parasite is growing and multiplying on or within a host |
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An exogenous infection occurs |
if a pathogen breaches the host's external defense and enters sterile tissue |
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vehicle transmission |
inanimate materials or objects are involved in transmission |
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size of initial inoculum |
affects rate at which infections proceeds and its severity |
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virulence |
is the magnitude of harm (pathogenicity) cause by a particular microorganism |
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Successful infection by a microorganism |
requires that it avoid host immunity |
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Endotoxins |
released only when the microorganism lyses or divides. |
