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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the derived characters of mammals
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mammary glands, which produced milk for offering
Hair and a fat layer under the skin to help the body retain heat. Four types of teeth 3 inner ear bones Long term care of young Larger brain and capacity to learn |
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Explain the significance of Archaeopteryx
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Had feathered wings but retained ancestral characters such as teeth, clawed digits in its wings, and a long tail, couldnt take off at a standing position
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Summarize the evidence supporting the hypothesis that birds evolved from theropod dinosaur ancestors
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Fossils show dinosaurs had feathers with vanes implying that feathers evolved long before powered flight
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List modifications of birds that are adaptive for flight.
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Reduced number of bones
Hollow bones No tail Wings Large breast muscle |
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Describe the specialized adaptations of snakes that make them successful predators.
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They have acute chemical sensors, they are sensitive to ground vibrations, posion glands, loosely articulated jawbones
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Compare the interpretations of dinosaurs as ectotherms or endotherms
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They must have been endotherms since they were found in colder climates and had feathers.
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Describe a number of reptile features that are adaptive for life on land.
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3 chambered heart, waterproof skin, ectotherms, they lay eggs
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Explain why the Reptile clade includes birds.
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Scales on legs
Dinosaurs had feathers |
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Describe an amniotic egg and explain its significance in the evolution of reptiles and mammals.
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A shelled egg in which and embryo develops within a fluid-filled amniotic sac and is nourished by yolk. It enables them to complete their life cycles on dry land
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Amphibian
Order Apoda |
(caecilians) legless, mainly burrowing amphibians
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Amphibian
Order Anura |
(Frogs) lack a tail as adults
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Amphibian
Order Urodela |
(salamanders) retain their tail as adults
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Describe the common traits of amphibians.
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(salamanders and frogs) Have four limbs descended from modified fins; most have moist skin that function in gas exchange, many live both in water and on land
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Explain what acanthostega suggests about the origin of tetrapods
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Along with the derived appendages of tetrapods, Acanthostega retained primitive aquatic adaptations, such as gills.
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Describe and distinguish between chondrichthyes and osteichthyes, noting the main traits of each group.
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Chondrichthyes- Skeleton composed predominantly of cartilage.
Osteinchthyes- ossidied (bony) endoskeleton with a hard matrix. |
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Describe the danger to shark and their vulnerabilities
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They are ovoviviparous so if they are killed all the babys dies with it.
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Describe the features of sharks that are adaptive for their active, predatory lifestyle
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fast swimmers
sharp vision detect electric fields generated by muscle contraction. |
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Explain one hypotheseis for the evolution of the jaws of gnathostomes.
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The skeleton of the jaws and their supports may have evolved from two pairs of skeletal rods located between the gill slits near the mouth. Pairs of rods anterior to those that formed the jaws were either lost or incorporated into the cranium or jaws.
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Describe the trends in mineralized structures in early vertabrates
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They had a set of barbed hooks made of dental tissues that were mineralized. They also were armored with mineralized bone.
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Desribe the way of life and unique characters of the lamprey
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Jawless vertabrates; typically feed by attaching to a live fish and ingesting its blood
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Distinguish among the three subphyla of the phylum Chordata and give examples of each
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Cephalochordata- Amphioxus and lancelets
Urochordata- sea squires and tunicates Vertebrata- lampreys, sharks, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals |
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Descibe the four derived traits that define the Phylum Chordata
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1) notochord-gelatenous stiffing rod
2) dorsal hallow nerve chord 3) pharynx slits-gas exchange 4) muscular postanal tail-helps propel in water |
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