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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amniotes and current living examples |
Tetrapods with a terrestrially adapted egg example- birds reptiles |
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Derived characteristics of amniotes |
-amniotic egg -amnion surrounds embryo -chorion surrounds embryo and yolk -yolk sac- nutrients for embryo |
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Reptilia Clade representatives |
Tuaturas, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles and birds |
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Reptilia adaptations |
-dry skin with scales that retard water -amniotic eggs -internal fertilization -3 chambered heart -exothermic |
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Traits that seperate snakes as reptiles |
-feed on animals larger then themselves -lack eyelids and external ears -forked tongue for chemical sensing and touch |
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Lizards that separate them from other reptiles |
-limbs (most) and external ears -across all continents except antartica |
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snakes evolved from ________ |
lizards -a few primitive snakes still burrow -some pythons and boas still have vestigial legs |
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Avis and derived traits for flight |
Birds -feathers -male atrophy testes in off season -endothermic- female one ovary no oviducts -reduction in the number of bones (pneumatic bones) -no teeth (beaks) -no bladder (semisolid urine) |
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ARCHOSAURS |
birds, crocodiles |
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Avis derived traits for power production |
-high metabolic rate -rapid efficent digestion -Large, 4 chamber heart |
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Describe how an air foil works |
Wind flows over the top of the wing faster then the underside this creates a pressure difference causing lift. |
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Oldest bird |
archaeopteryx - 150 mya had feathered wings and scaly skin, curving claws, teeth and fingers |
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What did birds evolve from? |
Probably theropods, a smal carniverous dinosaur that had hollow bones |
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Which amniotes have hair and produce milk? |
Mammals
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Derived characteristics of mammals |
-mammary glands that produce milk -hair -high metabolic rate -larger brain in comparison to other vertabrates -differentiated teeth |
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3 major lines of mammals |
-monotremes -marsupials -Eutherians |
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Monotremes |
-only two species -Short beaked Echidna -an anteater -Platypus-lack nipples -only found in Australia and New Zealand |
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Marsupials and Eutherians shared derived characteristics |
-higher metabolic rates -nipples that provide milk -give birth to live young -embryo forms a placenta |
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Placenta |
A structure through which nutrients diffuse into the embryo from the mothers blood |
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Biggest difference between Eutherians and Marsupial embryo development |
In marsupials, the animal is born very early in the development and completes development whild nursing. In eutherians have longer pregnancies and development is completed within the uterus |
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Primates derived characteristics |
-Hands developed for grasping -digits have flat nails -larger brains and short jaws -opposable thumbs -good depth perception |
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Earliest known primates |
-tree dwellers |
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All primates except humans have |
A big toe that is highly seperated from the rest of the toes that allows for better grasping branches with feet |
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Living primate groups |
-Anthropoids - monkeys and apes -lemurs, lorises and bush babies -tarsiers |
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New world monkeys vs old world monkeys |
New world monkeys are only arboreal -old world - have land dwelling and arboreal |
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Humans are considered part of _________ |
Apes in mammals |
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Hominims are distinguished from apes by |
The ability to walk upright (bipedalism) |
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Order of probable ancestors for humans |
Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo |
