Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
It is possible to define _______ as the manner in which a person performs any or all of the activities of daily life. |
behavior |
|
|
one's ability to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of everyday living. |
mental health |
|
|
factors affecting mental health include |
inherited characteristics, childhood nurturing, and life's cirumstances |
|
|
evidence of ________ often consists of a pattern of behaviors that is conspicious, threatening, and disruptive of relationships or that deviates significantly from behavior that is considered socially and culturally acceptable.
a manifestation of dysfunction. |
mental illness |
|
|
________ viewed mental illness as an imbalance of humors based on the fundamental elements of the world: air, fire, water, and earth. Each basic element corresponded to a particular fluid in the body: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. This view of illness is called ________ (pertaining to body fluids or substances contained in them) |
hippocrates humoral theory |
|
|
The first English institution for the mentally ill was ___________, founded in the sixteenth century under Henry VI. Our English worth for a place of confusion and disorder, bedlam, originiated from its nickname. |
Bethlehem Royal Hospital |
|
|
________ advocated humane care and maintenance of case history and conversation records. He classified illnesses by behaviors. |
Dr. Philippe Pinel |
|
|
Built an asylum similar to a Quaker household. His philosophy of care was to encourage acceptable behavior by providing a nurturing atmosphere. |
William Tukes |
|
|
established the Pennsylvania Hospital (1731) in Philadelphia for treatment of the mentally ill. Became known as the father of American psychiatry. |
Dr. Benjamin Rush |
|
|
The first public psychiatric hospital in the U.S, ________, opened in 1773 in Willamsburg, Virgina |
Eastern Psychiatric Hospital |
|
|
A retired school teacher who was appalled by the care of the mentally ill and set out to do something about it. She surveyed jails, almshouses, and asylums throughout the U.s, Canada, and Scotland and presented her findings to anyone who would listen. Her efforts brought millions of dollars towards the development of mental hospitals throughout the U.S. |
Dorothea Dix |
|
|
In 1882, _______ in Waverly, Massachusetts, provided the first psychiatric training school for nurses. |
McLean Hospital |
|
|
_____ practiced in the 1880s, has been credited as the first psychiatric nurse. |
Linda Richards |
|
|
______, a college student who had attempted suicide, spent 3 years as a patient in a mental hospital. Upon his release he wrote A Mind That Found Itself, which described the beatings, isolation, and confinement he experienced and witnessed while he was institutionalized. |
Clifford Beers |
|
|
During the 1930's, mental health practitioners developed _______ and _______ and used them to treat schizophrenia. The field also saw the use of _____ - a surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes from the thalamus - to eliminate violent behaviors. |
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and insulin shock therapy
frontal lobotomy |
|
|
In the 1950's, the government started the movement of ______, or release of institutional psychiatric patients to live and receive treatment in the community setting. |
deinstitutionalization |
|
|
President Jimmy Carter established the President's Commission on Mental Health in 1978. _______, a nurse educator and clinical specialist in psychiatric-mental health nursing, was among those appointed to this commission. From this commission's recommendations, the most comprehensive mental health care bill in U.S history, the Mental Health Care Systems Act, was passed in 1980. |
Martha Mitchell |
|
|
On the illness side, each of us rarely in touch with reality. When on the healthy side, we demonstrate a high level of wellness. The midpoint represents normal health. |
Mental Health Continuum |
|
|
_____ results from an inability to cope with a situation that we find overwhelming. |
mental illness |
|
|
The _______ is often part of a response to acute anxiety. |
Maladaptive behavior |
|
|
______ refers to the relatively consistent set of attitudes and behaviors particular to an individual. Your personality consists of your unique patterns of mental, emotional, and behavioral traits, woven together. |
Personality |
|
|
Provided a framework for understanding personality development in terms of task mastery. One of the most widely read and influential theorists of development and his concepts of identity and identity crisis have had major professional influence throughout the social sciences.
According to his framework, if a person does not master a given task, then it is possible to predict a certain set of behaviors. |
Eric Erikson |
|
|
Sigmund Freud described personality development as having three parts: |
id, ego, and superego |
|
|
The ___ functions on a primitive level and aims primarily at experiencing pleasure and avoiding pain. |
ID |
|
|
The _____ functions to integrate and mediate between the self and the rest of the environment. It experiences anxiety. |
Ego |
|
|
The _____ is the moralistic censoring force. It develops from the ego in response to reward or punishment from others. W |
Superego |
|
|
When all three substances (id, ego, and superego) function in harmony, the individual experiences emotional stability; we consider that person to have a healthy |
self concept |
|
|
freud delineated levels of awareness: |
conscious, preconscious, and unconscious |
|
|
At the ______ level, experiences are within our awareness; we are aware of an able to control thoughts |
Conscious |
|
|
refers to thoughts, feelings, drives, and ideas that are outside of our awareness but that we easily recall to consciousness.
This state helps to screen certain thoughts and repress unpleasant thoughts and desires. |
Presconsciousness |
|
|
The ______ level holds memories, feelings, and thoughts that are not available to the conscious mind. This is the most significant level because of the effect it has on behavior. |
Unconscious level |
|
|
______ is a complex concept comprising four distinct parts that influence behavior. The four areas of self are personal identity, body image, role, and self-esteem. |
Self |
|
|
______ comprises the picture of and the feelings toward your body. |
body image |
|
|
_______ is the expected behavior of an individual in a social position. Ascribed or assumed. |
Role performance |
|
|
An _______ - for example, being female or male - involves no personal choice. |
Ascribed role |
|
|
An _______ (e.g occupation) is selected by the individual. |
Assumed role |
|
|
_______ is the assessment we make about personal worth. Comprises the thoughts and feelings each of us holds about ourselves. |
Self-esteem |
|
|
________ is more than the total of the four part of self. It is the frame of reference we use for all we know and experience. Includes all perceptions and values each of us holds and our behaviors and interactions.
How we see ourselves determines our behavior and interactions with others.
Disturbances in _____ commonly arise in those of us with mental illness or emotional problems.
|
Self concept |
|
|
_______ is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it. Our response to a stressful situation or event is often a result of learned or conditioned behavior.
Highly subjective, uniquely perceived by the person expressing it.
Neither good nor bad; it has both positive and negative effects. |
Stress |
|
|
By contrast, a ________ is a situation, activity, or event that produces stress. Are physical, social, economic, chemical, spiritual, or developmental, or some combination of all those. |
stressor |
|
|
Stress that facilitates individual growth and development and promotes change and adaptation brings _______ |
positive results |
|
|
The stress of being ill greatly influences a person's _______ and _______. |
emotional well-being and coping ability |
|
|
It is important to remember that a person's response to a stressful situation or event is often a result of ____________, and thus is, at leas tin theory, amenable to change. |
learned or conditioned behavior |
|
|
______ is possible to define as a vague feeling of apprehension that results from perceived threat to the self. Said to be universal emotion and is a response to a stressful event. It is a state of apprehension, a vague feelings whose source is often unknown. An internal process we experience when there is a real or perceived threat to our physical body or self concept. A major component of all mental health disturbances. |
anxiety |
|
|
____________ enable the body to meet stressful demands by promoting problem solving and construction action. ________ immobalize our coping skills and results in emotional chaos. |
Mild levels of anxiety Higher levels of anxiety |
|
|
Signs of ________ include vocal changes, rapid speech, increased pulse, respirations, and BP, tremors, restlessness, increased perspiration, nausea, decreased appetite, diarrhea, frequent urination, and occasionally vomiting. |
higher levels of anxiety |
|
|
Anxiety arises within each of us as the result of inner conflict, and subsequent behavior stems from the anxiety. ___________ is often a defense against anxiety. |
maladaptive behavior |
|
|
The degree of anxiety we experience is influenced by |
how we view stressors the number of stressors previous experience magnitude of change |
|
|
Events that have the potential to precipitate feelings of anxiety include |
threats to physical integrity threats to self esteem and insults to identity |
|
|
Slight increase in VS and an awareness of danger Able to think and make connections; hightened awareness |
mild |
|
|
feels tension perception has decreased remains alert, but only to specific info perhaps prone to arguing, teasing, complaining physical s&s often appear |
moderate |
|
|
experiences a feeling of impending danger perceptual field narrows significantly and becomes distorted communication possibly distorted and difficult to understand feels fatigued changes in vital signs potentially evident on assessment |
severe |
|
|
feeling of extreme terror possibly becomes immobilized reality is distorted personality will potentially disintegrate further has potential to cause harm to self and others |
panic |
|
|
_______ is the gathering of personal resources or inner drive to complete a task or reach a goal. |
motivation |
|
|
________ refers to anything that interferes with goal directed activity. when adaptive behavior fails, anxiety increases. |
frustration |
|
|
_______ is a struggle, usually a mental one, either conscious or unconscious. results from the simultaneous presence of opposing or incompatible thoughts, ideas, goals, or emotional forces, such as impulses, denials, or drives. |
conflict |
|
|
_______ refers to our ability to adjust to changing life situations by using various strategies. feelings and emotions are part of our behavior. an individual who develops ways to deal with stress and resolve it . |
adaptation |
|
|
Both growth and regression are possible results of a |
stress experience |
|
|
_______ are the responses we use to reduce anxiety brought on by stress. common responses include overeating, drinking, smoking, withdrawal, seeking out someone to talk with, yelling, exercising or other physical activity, fighting, pacing or listening to music. |
Coping responses |
|
|
Unconscious, intrapsychic reactions that offer protection to the self from a stressful situation. Behavioral patterns that protect us against a real or perceived threat; we use them to block conscious awareness of threatening feelings. This type of behavior develops when we experience an unconscious conflict or a threat to our self-concept. All of use use this for self protection. |
Defense Mechanism |
|
|
If we use defense mechanism inappropriately or overuse them to cope, in mental health terms the behavior is |
maladaptive |
|
|
The stress of being ill greatly influences an individual's ______ and _______ |
mental state and level of functioning |
|
|
_______ and _______ have the capacity to dramatically alter our self concept, body image, lifestyle, and role performance in family life, recreation, and work. |
serious injury and illness |
|
|
Meeting the psychosocial needs of the individual is a task for the health care team as a whole. It helps to build trust and encourages the patient to have faith in the care you give. This promotes positive thinking, which affects the _________ of healing within.
Connection between the physiologic and the mental as applied to healing. |
mind-body link |
|
|
Positive response to treatment
Bolsters the immune system and has proven therapeutic power to augment your nursing interventions. |
placebo effect |
|
|
______ is a state of homeostatic imbalance. When we are ill or sick, we do not feel good. This is the body's way of saying "Pay attention to my needs." |
illness |
|
|
______ is a time of change or a turning point in life when we find it necessary to modify patterns of living to prevent our own disorganization of that of our family. |
crisis |
|
|
behaviors common with illness |
denial, anxiety, shock, anger, withdrawal |
|
|
a refusal to admit being ill. short term denial is often useful in mobilizing internal resources, but long term denial usually results in maladaptive behavior patterns. |
denial |
|
|
an overwhelming emotion that paralyzes the individual's ability to process information. no decision making by the individual is possible. the individual is unable to sort through info received. |
shock |
|
|
a response to feeling mistreated, injured, or insulted. behaviors are directed either inward or outward toward others, or both. sometimes it is an irrational response to minor events of the day and/or interrupts the person's social functioning. |
anger |
|
|
removes self from interaction with others and the environment. often a sign of depression. |
withdrawal |
|
|
American Indians view illness as a result of _________ |
upsetting dead ancestors |
|
|
an _______ is a condition of instability that arises from an emotional or situational upheaval and results in extreme or decisive change. represents potential opportunity as well as danger. |
identity crisis |
|
|
initially there is a phase of _________. this leads into a _______, with grasping onto the conviction that everything will be all right. Once the reality of the situation becomes evident, _______ are generally expressed. _______ is a phase of grief during a crisis. it acknowledges and expresses the loss of what was and never will be again. The final phase of _______ is reached when it is accepted that life will continue but will be different than it was, then _____ occurs. |
confusion, disbelief, and high anxiety denial phase anger and remorse sadness and crying reconciliation adaption
|
|
|
With or without crisis intervention, a crisis often tends to resolve itself over |
4 to 6 week period. |
