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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pulse?
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The pulse is the palpable bounding of the blood flow in the peripheral artery. Pulse is an indicator of circulatory status.
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What is stroke volume?
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Blood that enters the aorta with each ventricular contraction.
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What is cardiac output?
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The volume of blood pumped by the heart during 1 minute.
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What factors regulate the strength of ventricular contraction and its stroke volume?
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Mechanical, neural and chemical factors.
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What happens when the heart rate increases?
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There is less time for the heart to fill. As heart rate increases without a change in stroke volume, blood pressure will decrease. As the heart rate slows, filling time is increased and blood pressure increases. The inability of blood pressure to respond to increases or decreases in heart rate indicates a possible health problem.
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What site is recommended site for quickly finding a pulse?
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Carotid. The heart continues delivering blood through the carotid artery to the brain as long as possible.When cardiac output declines significantly, peripheral pulses weaken and are difficult to palpate.
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Pulse sites - temporal.
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Over the temporal bone of head, easily accessible site used to assess pulse in children.
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Pulse sites - carotid.
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In the neck. Easily accessible site used during physiological shock or cordiac arrest when other sites are not palpable.
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Pulse sites - apical.
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Fourth to fifth intercostal space at left midclavicular line. Used to auscultate for apical pulse.
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Pulse sites - brachial.
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Groove between biceps and triceps muscles, used to assess status of circulation to lower arm. Site used to auscultate blood pressure.
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Pulse sites - radial.
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Radial or thumb side of forearm ar wrist. Common site, assess status of circulation to hand.
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Pulse sites - ulnar.
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Ulnar side of forearm ar wrist. Used to perform Allen's test and assess status of circulation to hand.
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Pulse sites - femoral.
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Between pubis and anterior superior iliac spine.
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Pulse sites - popliteal
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Behind knee in popliteal fossa. Site used to assess status of circulation to lower leg.
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Pulse sites - dorsalis pedis.
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Along top of foot, between extension tendons of great and first toe. Used to assess status of circulation to foot.
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Acceptable ranges of heart rates.
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Infant - 120-160
Toddler - 90-140 Preschooler - 80-110 School-aged child - 75-100 Adolecent - 60-90 Adult - 60-100 |
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Assessment of the radial pulse incldudes?
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Measurement of the rate, rhythm, strength and equality.
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Assessment of the apical pulse includes?
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Rate and rhythm only.
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Characters of the heart rate.
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Review the client's baseline rate for comparison.
If you detect an abnormal rate while palpating a peripheral pulse, the next step is to assess the apical pulse. At normal rates - try to identify the 1st and the 2nd heart sounds. S1 is low pitched and dull - lub. S2 is higher pitched and shorter - dub. |
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Two common abnormalties in pulse rate are?
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Tachycardia - abnormally elevated heart rate - above 100 beats per minute.
Bradycardia - slow rate, below 60 beats per minute in adults. |
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Pulse deficit?
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An inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse wave to the peripheral pulse sites.
To assess you take radial and apical rates simultaneously and compare the rates. |
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Characters of the pulse rhythm?
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Regular interval occurs between each pulse or heartbeat.
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Dysrhythmia?
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An interval interrupted by an early or late heart beat or a missed beat.Threatens the heart's ability to provide adequate cardiac output. Described as REGULARLY IRREGULAR or IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR.
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Charactheristics of the pulse strenght?
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Reflects the volume of blood ejected against the arterial wall with each heart contraction and the condition of the arterial vascular system leading to the pulse site.
Document as STRONG, WEAK, THREADY or BOUNDING. |
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Charactheristics of the pulse equality?
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Assess rdial pulses on both sides of the peripheral vascular system, comparing the characteristics of each. Assess all symmetrical pulses simultaneously .
Pulse assessment determines the general state of cardiovasculat health and the body;s response to other system imbalances. |
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Assessing the radial pulses.
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Encourage client to relax and not speak. If client was active, wait 5 to 10 minutes before assessing pulse.
Determine strength of pulse. Note whether thrust of vessel against fingertips is strong, bounding (4+), full, easy to palpate (3+), normal, easy to palpate (2+), diminished, difficult to palpate weak and thready (1+) or absent (0). If pulse is regular, count rate for 30 seconds and multily total by 2. If pulse is irregular, count rate for 1 minute. |
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Assessing the apical pulse?
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Place diaphragm of stethoscope over PMI at the fifth ICS at the left midclavicular line and auscultate for normal S1 and S2 heart sounds.
Compare peripheral pulse rate with apical rate and note discrepancy. |
