Chapter 32 Intro Animal Diversity

Front 1

Nutritional Mode

Back 1

Animals are heterotrophs that INGEST their food. Have enzymes to help them digest it.

Front 2

Heterotrophs?

Back 2

an organism that obtain organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.

Front 3

Cell structure and Specialization:

Back 3

*Animals are eukaryotes
*multicellular
*lack sturcture support of cell walls
*Instead of cell walls the cells are held togheter by structure proteins (collagen), found only in animals

Front 4

Animals have two types of specialized cells not seen in other multicellular organism?

Back 4

1. Muscle cells
2. Nerve cells

Front 5

Reproduction and Development:

Back 5

*reproduce sexually
*diploid stage usally dominates the life cycle

Front 6

Early embryonic development in animals? Fig. 32.2

Back 6

1. Zygote cleavage (mitotic cell division)similar to mitosis but don't grow they only divide.(cells just get sm)
2. Blastula (cleavage leads to multicellular stages. a hollow ball of cells surrounds cavity called Blastocoel.
3. Gastrulation (one end of enbryo fold inward the blatocoel).Producing layers of enbyotic tissues. (ectodrm and endoderm).
5. Archenteron (pouch formed by gastrulation)
6. Digestive tact (endoderm or archenteron develops into tissue of GI-tract

Front 7

Body Plan:

Back 7

is a set of morphological and developmental traits, intergrated into a functional whole--the living animal. *symmetry,Tissues, Body cavities, development

Front 8

Symmetry

Back 8

1. Radial (form found in flower pot)

2. Bilateral (sagittaly)(lobster, humans)

Front 9

cephalization

Back 9

development of the head

Front 10

Larval stage

Back 10

larvalstage---metamorphosis--adult stage
*life cylce of a frog
*butterfly

Front 11

Neoproterozoic Era

Back 11

Ediacaran biota

Front 12

Paleozoic Era

Back 12

Cambrian Explosion

Front 13

Tissue

Back 13

collections of specialized cells isolated from other tissues by membrane layers

Front 14

Membrane layers called?

Back 14

3 Germ layers
*ectoderm
*endoderm
*mesoderm

Front 15

Ectoderm

Back 15

germ layer covering the surface ofthe embryo, gives rise to the outer covering of the animals and some phyla, to the CNS

Front 16

Endoderm

Back 16

the inermost germ layer,lines the development digestive tube, or archeteron, and give rise to the lining of the digestive tract or cavity and organs such as the liver and lungs of veterbrates.

Front 17

Animals that have only ectoderms and endoderms are called? give example of one

Back 17

Diploblstic
ex)ONLY ONE jelly fish

Front 18

Mesoderm

Back 18

seen only in bilateral symmetrical animals who have this 3rd layer:(forms their muscles and other organs bt GI-tract and other covering of the animal.
(Triploblastic)
-is bt the ectoderm and endoderm

Front 19

Triploblastic seen in what animals.

Back 19

all animals who posses body cavities i
BODY CAVITY: a fluid, or air filled space seperating the GI-tract from the outer body wall.

including fatworms who don't have a body cavity.

Front 20

Coelom

Back 20

true body cavity

Front 21

Why is it important to have a ceolom?

Back 21

makes more space for other organs,ect

Front 22

Animals that posses a true coelom are called

Back 22

COELOMATES

Front 23

Some triploblastic animals have a body cavity that is formed from MESODERM and ENDODERM, what is the cavity called

Back 23

Pseudocoelomates

Front 24

Animals lack body cavity called

Back 24

Acoelomates (Acoelom)

Front 25

Two develometal catergories of animals are called

Back 25

1. Protostome
2. Deuterostome

Front 26

Protostome

Back 26

1st mouth
*cleavage is spiral and determintes what each cell will do.

Front 27

Deutrerostome

Back 27

2nd mouth
*cleavage is radial and indeterminates. In humans this is why twins occur. The cells have no destination. Can become anything

Front 28

Coelom Formation

Back 28

protostome: the mesoderm plits and froms the coelom.

Deuterostome: the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron(digestive tube), and its cavity becomes the coelom

Front 29

Blastopore

Back 29

the indentation that during gastrulation leads tothe formation of the archenteron(digestive tube)

Front 30

Fate Blastopre

Back 30

Protostomes: mouth generally develops from the 1st opening.

Deuterostome: the mouth derived from the 2nd opening and the blastopore usually form the anus.

Front 31

Point of Agreement

Back 31

1. all animals share a commom ancestor.
2. Songes are basal animals
3. Eumetozoa is a clade of animals with true tissue
4. most animals phyla belong to the clade Bilateria
5. Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clse Deuterostomia

Front 32

Difference bt Morphological and Molecular research?

Back 32

Morphological named their clade:
*Protstomia
*Deuterostomia

But the Molecular changed the Protostomia clade into two gr
*Lophotrochozoa (have a crown of ciliated tenticles called lophophore)
*Ecdysozoa (nematoda and anthropoda) molt skeleton.