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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of division produces sperm and egg cells in animals? |
meiotic division |
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What is the name for the structure that forms when an egg is fertilized by a sperm cell? |
zygote |
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What is the name for the succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth that a zygote undergoes? |
cleavage |
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What is the multicellular stage that takes the form of a hollow ball? |
blastula |
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What follows the blastula phase? |
gastrulation |
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what is the name of the process in which layers of embryonic tissue that develop into adult body parts are produced? |
gastrulation |
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What is the resulting developmental stage of gastrulation? |
Gastrula |
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What is the name of the sexually immature form of an animal that is morphologically distinct from the adult? |
Larva |
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What is the name for the developmental transofmration that turns a larva into a juvenile animal? |
metamorphosis |
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What is the name for the special type of gene that regulates other genes? |
homeoboxes |
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What is the name for the unique homeobox-containing family of genes? |
Hox genes |
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What type of genes play important roles in the development of animal embryos and controll the expression of dozens or even hundreds of other genes that influence an animal's morphology? |
Hox genes |
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What is the intermediate stage between the zygote and blastula? |
Eight-cell stage |
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how many cell divisions happen in cleavage to form the eight-cell stage? |
Three |
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What is the region inside the hollow blastula called? |
Blastocoel |
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What is the name for the pouch formed by gastrulation? |
archentron |
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What is the name for the opening into the gastrula from the outside world? |
blastopore |
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What is the name of the layer of tissue in the gastrula that eventually turns into the tissue lining the animal's digestive tract? |
Endoderm |
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How old are the first generally accepted macroscopic fossils? |
565-550mya |
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What is the name of the members of the early group of soft-bodied multicellular eukaryotes that existed 565-550mya? |
Ediacaranbiota |
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What is the relationship between choanoflagellates and animals, with respect to taxonomy? |
Sister groups |
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What type of cell link animals and choanoflagellates, which has been found in many types of animals but no plants or fungi? |
collar cells |
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What is the name for the period of increased animal diversity that took place 535-525 million years ago? |
Cambrian explosion |
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When did vertebrates make the transition to land? |
365mya |
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What is the name for the evolutionary trend in which animals sensory equipment concentrated in their anterior end? |
cephalization (hint: cephal means head) |
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What is the name for the germ layer covering the surface of the embryo? |
Ectoderm |
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What does the ectoderm give rise to? |
outer covering of the animal and, in some phyla, central nervous system |
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When an animal has only two germ layers, which two are they? |
Ectoderm and endoderm |
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What is the name for animals who have only two germ layers? |
diboplastic |
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What is the name of the germ layer that all bilaterally symmetrical animals have? |
Mesoderm |
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What is the name for animals with three germ layers? |
tripoblastic |
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What is the body cavity in tripoblastic animals called? |
coelom |
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What is the name for animals with a true coelom? |
coelomates |
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What is the name for the type of coelom that is formed from the mesoderm and endoderm? |
pseudocoelom |
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Are pseudocoeloms false coeloms? |
No |
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Are pseudocoeloms fully functional body cavities? |
Yes |
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What is the name for animals that lack body cavities? |
acoelomates |
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What structure eventually becomes the gut? |
archenteron |
