Chapter 32

Front 1

antheridium

Back 1

male reproductive structure that produces hundreds of flagellated sperm by mitosis

Front 2

archegonium

Back 2

female reproductive structure that produces a single egg by mitosis

Front 3

homospory

Back 3

the production of one type of spore

Front 4

microspore

Back 4

the male spore produced by a gymnosperm

Front 5

megaspore

Back 5

the female spore produced by a gymnosperm

Front 6

heterospory

Back 6

the production of different types of spores in gymnosperms

Front 7

megasporangia

Back 7

produce megaspores

Front 8

megagametophyte

Back 8

femal gametophytes (what megaspores develope into)

Front 9

integument

Back 9

a thick layer of cells that surrounds each megasporangium

Front 10

Microsporangia

Back 10

produce microspores

Front 11

Microgametophytes

Back 11

male gametophytes

Front 12

Pollen grain

Back 12

a microgametophyte of a seed plant

Front 13

Pollen tube

Back 13

a slender extension of the pollen grain that enables the sperm to reach an egg

Front 14

Receptacle

Back 14

swollen tip of a floral “branch”

Front 15

Sepals

Back 15

surround and protect the other parts of a developing flower before it opens

Front 16

Petals

Back 16

second whorl of a flowering plant

Front 17

Stamens

Back 17

a male reproductive structure that contains an anther and a filament

Front 18

anther

Back 18

the part of a stamen that contains microsporanigia

Front 19

filament

Back 19

the support for an anther

Front 20

Carpels

Back 20

the female reproductive structures

Front 21

pistil

Back 21

one or more carpels fused together

Front 22

ovary

Back 22

the enlarged base of a pistil

Front 23

style

Back 23

a stalklike structure that rises from the ovary

Front 24

stigma

Back 24

the tip of the style

Front 25

Microspore mother cells

Back 25

diploid cells contained in pollen sacs

Front 26

polar nuclei

Back 26

2 nuclei that came from opposite poles of a cell

Front 27

embryo sac

Back 27

microscopic structure that contains seven cells and eight nuclei

Front 28

Microspore mother cells

Back 28

diploid cells contained in pollen sacs

Front 29

tube cell

Back 29

the larger of the 2 cells made when a pollen grain germinates

Front 30

Generative cell

Back 30

the smaller of the 2 cells which splits to form 2 sperm

Front 31

nectar

Back 31

a nourishing solution of sugars

Front 32

double fertilization

Back 32

the process in which two types of cell fusion occur in the embryo sac; one produces the zygote, the other the endosperm

Front 33

seed coat

Back 33

the protective layer around a seed

Front 34

radicle

Back 34

embryotic root

Front 35

hypocotyl

Back 35

the stem between the cotyledons and the radicle

Front 36

epicotyl

Back 36

the stem above the cotyledons

Front 37

plumule

Back 37

the epicotyl and the embryonic leaves

Front 38

hilum

Back 38

the concave edge of the seed

Front 39

clones

Back 39

exact duplicates

Front 40

dormancy

Back 40

a state of reduced metabolism

Front 41

vegetative reproduction

Back 41

reproduction with usually nonreproductive parts

Front 42

vegetative propagation

Back 42

the use of vegetative structures to produce new plants

Front 43

cuttings

Back 43

pieces of stems and roots that are cut from a plant and that are used to grow new plants

Front 44

layering

Back 44

the process of causing roots to form on a stem

Front 45

grafting

Back 45

the joining of two or more plant parts to form a single plant

Front 46

tissue culture

Back 46

the production of new plants from pieces of tissue placed on sterile nutrient medium