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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypothalamus |
heart of the system. command center for endocrine and nervous regulated release and inhibition of hormones. acts as messenger system. pituitary is connected |
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functions of growth hormone |
growth-promoting actions> liver and insulin-like growth factors> increased protein synthesis |
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causes of GH deficiency |
idiopathic GH deficiency- lacks hypothalamic GHRH pituitary tumors, agenesis of pituitary- cannot produce GH laron-type dwarfism- heredity defect in IGF production |
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manifestations of GH |
short stature obesity immature facial features skeletal immaturity delayed puberty delayed tooth maturity |
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growth hormone excess |
child-gigantism: tall stature, large hands and feet adult-acromegaly: organs get bigger, hands, feet, nose, heart, liver etc. may have hunchback, barrel chest, thick skin, goiter, and arthritis |
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thyroid control |
thyroid releases t3 and t4. t4 is converted to t3 in the tissues |
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thyroid hormone functions |
increase metabolism, protein synthesis influeneces growth and development in children influences mental development influeneces blood flow and cardiac output enchances GI function influences skeletal muscle reactions |
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hyperthyroidism |
oversecretion of thyroid hormone thyroid gland enlargement caused by: graves disease, thyroid cancer, thyroiditis, nodular thyroid goiter |
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manifestations of hyperthyroidism |
thyrotoxicosis (occurs with increased levels of thyroid hormones) exophthalmos sweating and heat intolerance weight loss tachycardia, flushing, anxiety fine hair muscle wasting oliomenorrhea HIGH METABOLISM |
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thyroid storm |
life-threatening form of thyrotoxicosis uncommon today high fever extreme cv effects severe cns effects |
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hypothyroidism |
Congential: cretinism- mental retardation and abnormal growth Acquired: insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones to peripheral tissues |
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manifestations |
slow metabolism muscle weakness coarse hair lethargy periorbital edema and puffy face constipation cold intolerance bradycardia myxedema: mucus in interstitial spaces |
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adrenal cortical hormones |
adrenal cortex produces 3 types of steroid hormones androgens mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids |
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androgens |
sex hormones account mainly for the growth of pubertal hair in women |
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mineralocorticoids |
mainly aldosterone functions in sodium, potassium, and water balance |
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glucocorticoids |
mainly cortisol help to regulate metabolic functions help to control the inflammatory response essential for survival in stressful situations |
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disorders of adrenal hormones: Addisons |
primary adrenal cortical insufficiency= a decrease in the amount of aldosterone and cortisol in the body all layers of the adrenal cortex are destroyed most commonly by the autoimmune destruction adrenal hormones are deficient and ACTH are elvated |
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s/s of addisons |
hyponatremia (decrease in aldosterone =decrease in Na absorption) hypovolemia; dehydration hypotension weakness poor stress tolerance hypoglycemia GI symptoms hyper pigmentation due to ACTH elevation |
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Cushing Syndrome |
hypercortisolism caused by: cushing disease (excessive production of ACTH by a pituitary tumor), benign or malignant adrenal tumor, non pituitary ACTH-secreting tumors |
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manifestations |
think excess cortisol altered fat metabolism abnormal distribution of fat; protruding abdomen buffalo hump round "moon face" emotional distrubance muscle weakness poor wound helaing oseoporosis |
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ADH disorders |
SIADH- inappropriate antidiuretic hormone persistent release of ADH unrelated to plasma osmolarity unrelated to plasma volume feedback failure |
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patho of SIADH |
excessive reabsorption of water abnormal retention of water expansion of extracellular fluid volume hyponatremia hemodilution urine is not dilute |
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manifestations |
hyponatremia hypertonic urine hypervolemia |
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causes of SIADH |
neoplasm pulmonary cardiac metabolic stress drugs: hypoglycemic agents, antineoplastic, narcotics, psychotropics |
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tx of SIADH |
fluid restriction diuretics maintain sodium balance treat cause |
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diabetes insipidus |
deficiency in ADH failure of collecting ducts and distal tubules to reabsorb water |
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s/s |
polyuria polydipsia hypernatemia urine output up to 10 liters in 24 hours |
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causes DI |
tumors thymoma carcinoma of pancreas lymphoma intracerebral hemorrhage/thrombi infection pneumonia TB drugs |
