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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sum of all hereditary material is called
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genome
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segment of DNA that controls formatin of RNA
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gene
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process by which DNA copies are made
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replication
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functions of DNA are
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reproduces (repl) and supplies info to make RNA and proteins, including enzymes
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four bases in DNA are
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A G C T
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on DNA the ------ is where replication is proceeding
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replication fork
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strands run-------- from ----------and ----------directions
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bidirectionally, 5-3 and 3-5
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since each daughter molecule consists of a parental strand (conserved) and a new one, the replciation process is called
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semiconservative
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replication always proceeds from the ----direction
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5-3
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the dna strand is stabilized by ----bonds btwn bases and---------interactions
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hydrogen, hydrophobic
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bonds btwn backbone of DNA are
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phophodiester
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in the addition of a nucleotide to DNA chain, the hydroxyl group on the 3' c attacks the ----of the new nucleotide. This reaction is called a ---attack.
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phosphorus. nucleophillic (31.7)
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rna has ---strand of nucleotides. dna has a
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single, double helix
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nucleotide is
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carb+base+phos
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base pairing in dna is
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a and t, g and c
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the function of rna is to
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process genetic info of dna into proteins
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3 types of rna used to produce proteins
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mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
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mRNA are produced in the --- by a process called---
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nucleus, transcription
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mRNA carries dna info from nucleus to ---and acts as template for protein synthesis
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ribosomes
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protein synthesis occurs in ---by a process called------
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ribosomes, translateion
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translation is---
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production of protein from mRNA template
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genetic code is translated into the ---structure of a polypeptide or protein
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1
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tRNA is also called---- RNA and --- amino acids to the site of protein synthesis in ----
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transfer, transports, ribosomes
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all tRNA molecules are the same for each of the 20 aa
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false- there is at least one different tRNA for each
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rRNA stands for-----
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ribosomal RNA
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ribosomes consist of 35%----and 65%-----and are the site of-----
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protein, rRNA , protein synthesis
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a codon consists of ---- nucleotides and specifies one
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3, amino acid
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there are --- possible codons for mRNA
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64 pg.917
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3 out of the 64 do not encode any aa and are called
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termination codons
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biosynthesis of proteins begins when ---leaves the nucleus and travels to ---
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mRNA, ribosomes(cytoplasm)
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cellular energy, or---, couples amino acids to ---- which then take the aa to ribosomes
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ATP, tRNA
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process of biosynthesis of proteins includes
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initiation, elongation, termination
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initiation begins with two codons:----
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AUG or GUG, AUG is more common
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AUG is Methlonine and GUG is Valine. which is more common? which would be the N-terminus?
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AUG, AUG
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