Chapter 31

Front 1

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Back 1

An alliance of church-based African American organizations dedicated to ending discrimination

Front 2

Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 2

Led the SCLC dedicated to ending discrimination

Front 3

Nonviolent resistance

Back 3

Required that protesters not resort to violence even when others attacked them

Front 4

Sit-ins

Back 4

Demonstrators protest by sitting down in a location and refusing to leave

Front 5

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Back 5

A loose association of student activists from throughout the South

Front 6

Congress of Racial Equality

Back 6

Northern-based civil rights group that hoped to launch new nonviolent protests against racial discrimination

Front 7

Freedom Riders

Back 7

Sent on bus trips through the South to draw attention to violations of the Supreme Court ruling

Front 8

T. Eugene "Bull" Connor

Back 8

Birmingham's city commissioner of public safety that blamed the Freedom Riders for violence

Front 9

Diane Nash

Back 9

Leader of the SNCC who refused to comply with Kennedy's request of ending the rides

Front 10

James Meredith

Back 10

An African American applicant to the University of Mississippi that was accepted and went to class with armed guards

Front 11

Medgar Evers

Back 11

NAACP field secretary that was killed by a white

Front 12

Laurie Pritchett

Back 12

Police Chief in Georgia who arranged to fill all the surrounding jails with protestors and did

Front 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 13

Banned discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Front 14

Robert Moses

Back 14

Tried hard to help register black voters

Front 15

Council of Federated Organizations

Back 15

Coordinated voter registration drives that was put together by several civil rights organizations

Front 16

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Back 16

Banned the payment of poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections

Front 17

Freedom Summer

Back 17

Moses's plan that recruited volunteers on university campuses in northern states that attending training classes in Ohio before going to Mississippi

Front 18

Andrew Goodman

Back 18

A white college student from New York that disappeared in Mississippi

Front 19

James Chaney

Back 19

A CORE worker that disappeared in Mississippi and his body was discovered six weeks later

Front 20

Michael Schwerner

Back 20

A CORE worker that disappeared in Mississippi and his body was discovered six weeks later

Front 21

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Back 21

Group that sent its own delegates to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 to protest discrimination against black voters in Mississippi

Front 22

Fannie Lou Hamer

Back 22

An African American MFDP delegate who lost her job and her house when she registered to vote in 1962

Front 23

Voting Rights Act

Back 23

Put the entire registration process under federal control

Front 24

James Farmer

Back 24

CORE director

Front 25

Nation of Islam

Back 25

Black Muslims; black nationalist religious group founded by Wallace D. Fard in 1930

Front 26

Elijah Muhammad

Back 26

Became the leader of the Nation of Islam and preached about black nationalism

Front 27

Malcolm X

Back 27

A charismatic young minister that helped the growth of the Nation of Islam during the 1950s

Front 28

Stokely Charmichael

Back 28

Part of the SNCC who sent out a great message that inspired many people

Front 29

Black Power

Back 29

A movement that called for black separatism

Front 30

Bobby Seale

Back 30

Worked at an antipoverty center in California and created the Black Panther Party

Front 31

Huey Newton

Back 31

Worked at an antipoverty center in California and created the Black Panther Party

Front 32

Black Panther Party

Back 32

A political organization that called for land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and peace for African Americans

Front 33

Kerner Commission

Back 33

A group appointed by President Johnson to investigate the violence that broke out in cities

Front 34

Poor People's Campaign

Back 34

A march on Washington, D.C. to protest a misuse of government spending led by King

Front 35

Ralph Abernathy

Back 35

Part of the Poor People's Campaign who was determined to continue King's work

Front 36

Busing

Back 36

Sending children to schools outside of their neighborhoods

Front 37

Affirmative Action

Back 37

Programs that gave preference to ethnic minorities and women in admission and hiring

Front 38

University of California v. Bakke

Back 38

Supreme Court decision that established that while some forms of affirmative action were legal, quota systems were not

Front 39

Allan Bakke

Back 39

Unfairly denied admission to medical school on the basis of quotas

Front 40

Quotas

Back 40

System of reserving a fixed number of openings in schools or jobs for certain groups of people

Front 41

Carl Stokes

Back 41

First African American to be elected major of a major US city

Front 42

National Black Political Convention

Back 42

Meeting of civil rights activists to ensure that African Americans would continue to gain political influence