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42 Cards in this Set
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Tet Offensive
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was a military campaign during the Vietnam War that began on January 31, 1968. Regular and irregular forces of the People's Army of Vietnam fought against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, and their allies. The purpose of the offensive was to strike military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam and to spark a general uprising among the population that would then topple the Saigon government, thus ending the war in a single blow.
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Berlin Wall
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was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls.
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Bay of Pigs
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is an inlet of the Gulf of Cazones on the southern coast of Cuba. By 1910, it was included in Santa Clara Province, and then instead to Las Villas Province by 1961, but in 1976, it was re-assigned to Cienfuegos Province, when the original six provinces of Cuba were re-organized into fourteen new Provinces of Cuba.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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was a confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War. In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments began to surreptitiously build bases in Cuba for a number of medium- and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) with the ability to strike most of the continental United States.
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Anatoly Dobrynin
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was a Russian statesman and a former Soviet diplomat and politician. He was Soviet Ambassador to the United States, serving from 1962 to 1986 and most notably during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was appointed by Nikita Khrushchev.
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Civil Rights Act of 64
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was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public ("public accommodations"). Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all citizens equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment.
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Escalation
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is the phenomenon of something getting more intense step by step, for example a quarrel, or, notably, military presence and nuclear armament during the Cold War.
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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was the first President of South Vietnam (1955–1963). In the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort to create the Republic of Vietnam.
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Ho Chi Minh
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was a Vietnamese Marxist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1946–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and led the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War until his death. Hồ led the Viet Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-governed Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu. He lost political power inside North Vietnam in the mid 1950s, but remained as the highly visible figurehead president until his death. The former capital of South Vietnam, Saigon, after the Fall of Saigon, was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City in his honor.
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia. The system provided support, in the form of manpower and materiel, to the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, or derogatively, Vietcong, and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), or North Vietnamese Army, during the Vietnam War (1955–1975).
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McGeorge Bundy
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was United States National Security Advisor to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson from 1961 through 1966, and president of the Ford Foundation.
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Baker v. Carr
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's political question doctrine, deciding that reapportionment (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene.
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Gideon v. Wainright
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is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In the case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases.
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Miranda v. Arizona
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was a landmark 5-4 decision of the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response to interrogation.
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Escobedo v. Illinois
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was a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.
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Engel v Vitale
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools.
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Baker v Carr
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's political question doctrine.
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Robert F. Kennedy
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also referred to by his initials RFK, was an American politician, a Democratic Senator from New York, and a noted civil rights activist.
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Dean Rusk
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was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Along with James Madison, he was the second-longest serving Secretary of State, behind Cordell Hull.
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Robert McNamara
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was an American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1968.
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Hubert Humphrey
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served under President Lyndon B. Johnson as the 38th Vice President of the United States. Humphrey twice served as a United States Senator from Minnesota, and served as Democratic Majority Whip.
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Flexible Response
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•Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of Massive Retaliation.
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George Wallace
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who gained the governorship of Alabama on an extreme segregationist platform in 1962.
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Warren Commission
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was established on November 29, 1963, by Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22.
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ICBM’s
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ballistic missile typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery, that is, delivering one or more nuclear warheads.
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New Frontier
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•The term New Frontier was used by John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic nominee.
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bull connor
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was a Democratic Party politician and police official from the city of Birmingham, Alabama, during the American Civil Rights Movement.
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The Other America
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was an influential study of poverty in the United States, published in 1962 and it was a driving force behind the "war on poverty.
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Office of Economic Opportunity
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•The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency responsible for administering most of the War on Poverty programs created as part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society legislative agenda.
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Barry Goldwater
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was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. He was also a Major General in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. He was known as "Mr. Conservative".
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USS Maddox and C Turner Joy
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the ship was transferred to the Royal Navy, then Soviet Navy, and finally given back to the Royal Navy *, christened in 1942 and sunk the next year by a German dive bomber *, christened in 1944. After a short career in World War II and participation in the Korean War.
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William Westmoreland
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was an American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968, with the Tet Offensive.
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Free Speech Movement
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was a student protest which took place during the 1964–1965 academic year on the campus of the University of California.
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Students for A Democratic Society
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was a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main iconic representations of the country's New Left. The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969.
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The Black Panthers
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•a militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites
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NFWA
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is a labor union created from the merging of two groups, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by Filipino organizer Larry Itliong, and the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by Cesar Chavez.
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The Feminine Mystique
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is a book written by Betty Friedan. According to The New York Times obituary of Friedan in 2006, it “ignited the contemporary women's movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric of the United States and countries.
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Woodstock
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1970 documentary on the Woodstock Festival that took place in August 1969 at Bethel in New York. Entertainment Weekly called this film the benchmark of concert movies and one of the most entertaining documentaries ever made
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Stokely Carmichael
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also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement.
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Cesar Chavez
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United States labor leader who organized farm workers
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Richard Nixon
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vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974.
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“The Strategy of Peace”
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A book written by John F. Kennedy
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