Chapter 30 Mda 10 Edt

Front 1

Pharmacology

Back 1

branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects & actions of drugs

Front 2

Drug

Back 2

substance used in diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease

Front 3

Before marketed for public us in U.S,

Back 3

drugs must be recognized by U.S. Food Drug & Cosmetic Act

Front 4

Organic Drugs

Back 4

from live organisms ie plants, animals

Front 5

Inorganic Drugs

Back 5

synthesized in lab

Front 6

Most Drugs today are

Back 6

derived from chemical source

Front 7

Drug manufacturing happens in

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pharmaceutical lab

Front 8

3 names of Drugs

Back 8

*Chemical name
*Generic name
*Brand name

Front 9

Chemical name

Back 9

atomic/molecular structure of drug N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)

Front 10

Generic name

Back 10

shorthand version of chemical name=acetaminophen

Front 11

Brand name aka Trade name

Back 11

controled by pharmaceutical co as regestered trademark =Tylenol

Front 12

2 Drug Categories

Back 12

*patent drugs (OTC)
*ethical drugs

Front 13

Patent Drugs (over the counter)

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acquired without prescription

Front 14

Ethical Drugs (prescription drugs)

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prescription filled by pharmacist

Front 15

5 schedules of drugs covered under

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Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act

Front 16

Schedule I Drugs

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*NO current accepted medical usefulness
*HIGH Potential for abuse
*CANNOT be prescribed
example **Herion**

Front 17

Schedule II Drugs

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*HIGH potential for abuse
*accepted medical usefulness
*prescription CANNOT be renewed
example **opium, cocaine, morphine oxycodone

Front 18

Schedule III Drugs

Back 18

*LESS potential for abuse than I & II
*prescriptions CAN be renewed
example ** Tylenol w codeine**

Front 19

Schedule IV Drugs

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*LOW potential for abuse
*accepted medical usefulness
*5 refills in 6 month period
*example ** valium**

Front 20

Schedule V Drugs

Back 20

*lowest potential for abuse
* accepted medical usefulness
example ** cough meds w codeine**

Front 21

Prescription

Back 21

written order provided by physician or Dentist for preparation & administration of medicine

Front 22

Only a professional legally authorized to prescribe meds

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may write a prescription

Front 23

Handwritten

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prescriptions

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Superscription

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px name & address & date & Rx symbol

Front 25

Rx

Back 25

latin for recipe

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Inscription

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name & drug quantity

Front 27

Subscription

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directions fo mixing meds.......completed by pharmacist

Front 28

Signature

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how to take meds--instruction

Front 29

Narcotics CANNOT be

Back 29

ordered without prescription

Front 30

Illegal for Dental Assistant to

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"Call In" prescription

Front 31

When pharmacist calls

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notify Dentist immediately

Front 32

a.a.

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of each

Front 33

a.c.

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before meals

Front 34

a.m.

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morning

Front 35

b.i.d.

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twice a day

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d.i.s.

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dispense

Front 37

H

Back 37

Hour

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h.s.

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@ bedtime

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NPO

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nothing by mouth

Front 40

p.c.

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after meals

Front 41

prn

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as needed

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q.

Back 42

every

Front 43

q.d.

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once a day

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q.i.d.

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four times a day

Front 45

SL

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Sublingual

Front 46

t, tsb

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teaspoon

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T, Tbs

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Tablespoon

Front 48

t.i.d.

Back 48

three times a day

Front 49

Dose

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amount of drug patient takes

Front 50

Dosage

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amount of drug to be administered in specific time, often according to body weight

Front 51

Factors considered and determine dosage

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*Age
*Weight
*Time of day to be taken
*Patient tolerance

Front 52

Drugs manufactured in

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pills, capsules, liquids,drops, ointments, sprays, gases, & lotions

Front 53

Drug applied directly to site of use

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local-action drug aka local drug (only effects area of body where applied)

Front 54

Drug taken internally

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systemic-action drug aka systemic drug

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Systemic Drug

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affects whole body through circulatory system

Front 56

4 stages when Meds enter body

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*Absorption
*Distribution
*Metabolism
*Excretion

Front 57

Absorption

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drug is absorbed into entry site

Front 58

Distribution

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drug enters blood stream

Front 59

Metabolism

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chemical compound released, drug becomes metabolized -- excreted through liver or kidneys

Front 60

Excretion

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drug leaves body via kidneys, liver,saliva breast milk & sweat

Front 61

Drugs prescribed in Dentistry

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*Analgesics
*Antibiotics
*Antifungal Agenta
*Antiviral Agenta
*Antianxiety Agents

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Analgesics

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for Pain....acute, chronic & post op pain

Front 63

Nonopioid & Opioid

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2 Analgesic categories

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Nonopioid

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non steroid antiinflammitory ie Tylenol, Advil, Motrin & Aspirin

Front 65

Opioid

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moderate to moderately severe pain.....ie codeine

Front 66

Antibiotics

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Bactericidal Antibiotics ie Penicillin kill infecting organisms...

Front 67

Penicillin

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*most important antibiotics
*most effective/least toxic
example **amoxicillin**

Front 68

Cephalosporins

Back 68

*related to penicillin
*if allergic to penicillin, could be allergic to cephalopsorin
example **keflex**

Front 69

Erythromycin

Back 69

alternate when penicillin is contraindicated

Front 70

Chlorhexidine

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antibiotic used to control plaque & gingivitis

Front 71

Tetracyclines

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reduces or temporarily eliminates bacteria associated with perio disease

Front 72

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Back 72

prescribing an antibiotic to prevent bacterial colonization

Front 73

Antifungal Agents

Back 73

better at fighting certain types of fungi......example Nystatin

Front 74

Antiviral Agents

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prescribed in capsule tablet, liquid & ointment forms
example......Zovirax

Front 75

Antianxiety Agents

Back 75

large part of "pain free dentistry"
example....diazepam, Valium

Front 76

Drugs commonly prescribed in medicine

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*Cardiovascular
*Respiratory
*Gastrointestinal
*Neurologic
*Psychoactive

Front 77

Statins---lowers cholesterol

Back 77

*Lipitor*

Front 78

Diuretics--reduce fluid

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*HCTZ*

Front 79

Anticoagulants--longer to blod colt

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*Heparin*

Front 80

Antiplatlet--slows blood clot formation

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*Aspirin*

Front 81

BeteBlockers--control BP
slow fast arrhythmias
reduce chest pain

Back 81

*Levatol, Lopressor*

Front 82

Digitalis--stimulate heart to beat more forceful

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*Digoxin*

Front 83

Vasodilators--reduce work for heart

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Nitroglycerine

Front 84

Angiotensin ACE Inhibitors---lowers BP

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Altace

Front 85

Inhibitors or Anti Inflammitory--Inhalers

Back 85

Beclovent

Front 86

Bronchodilators---acute bronchospasm

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Proventil

Front 87

Acid Reflux--neutralize stomach

Back 87

Tagamet

Front 88

Antidiarrheal --- treats diarrhea

Back 88

Pepto-Bismol

Front 89

Crohns--resistance to infection

Back 89

Prednisone