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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name five terrestrial adaptations that contributed to the success of seed plants.
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Seeds
Reduced gametophytes heterospory Ovules Pollen |
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Compare the size and independence of the gametophytes of bryophytes with those of seed plants.
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Bryophyte gametophytes are dependent on water whereas seed plant gametophytes are microscopic and not dependent on water
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Contrast the male gametophytes of bryophytes with those of seed plants.
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Bryophytes are sperm with flagella and seed plants have spores.
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Explain why pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land.
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make water unnecessary for fertalization. protects male gametophyte during transport
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Explain how a seed can be said to include contributions from three distinct generations.
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Unfertalized seed- fleshy megasporangium is surrounded by a protective layer of tissues called the integument.
Fertalized ovules-- megaspores develope into a multicellular female gametophye. microphyle allows entry of pollen grain. developes pollen tubes discharging sperm to fertalize egg. Gymnosperm seed- Fertalization initiates the transformation of the ovule into a seed which contains the three main parts. |
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Define fruit. What are the two jobs of a fruit.
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a mature ovary of a flower. the fruit protects the dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal.
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Explain how fruits may be adapted to disperse seeds.
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wind travel: parachutes or propellors
feces: seeds eaten then pooped out by animals Hitchhike- attatch to animals. |
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Explain the process and function of double fertilization.
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Double fertilization is the process in angiosperms (flowering plants) in which two sperm nuclei from each pollen tube fertilise two cells in an ovary. One sperm cell fertilizes the egg making a dipoild zygote. The other sperm cell fuses with two haploid polar nuclei (contained in the central cell) in the centre of the embryo sac (or ovule). The resulting cell is triploid (3n). This triploid cell divides through mitosis and forms the endosperm, a nutrient-rich tissue, inside the seed.
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Distinguish between monocots and eudicots.
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Monocots
One cotyledon veins are parellel floral organs in 3 pollen grain with 1 pore Eudicots two cotyledons veins are netlike floral organs 4s 5s many pollen grain 3 pores |
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Name the six angiosperms that are most important in the diet of the human species.
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wheat
rice maize(corn) potatoes cassava sweet potatoes |
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Describe the current threat to plant diversity caused by human population growth.
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Habitat loss(over population)
Loss of pollinations(loss of fruit dispersal) Over exploitation of wild plants |
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Define:coevolution
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The process that occurs when two species influence each other during evolution.
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Define:conifer
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A member of the largest gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs.
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Define:cotyledon
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A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo.
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Define:cross-pollination
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In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species
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Define: dicots
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flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves.
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Define: embryo sac
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The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei
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Define:filament
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The stalk of a stamen.
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Define:flower
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In an angiosperm, a short stem with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.
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Define:integument
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Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant.
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Define:micropyle
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A pore in the integument(s) of an ovule.
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Define:ovary
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the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop
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Define:ovule
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A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.
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Define:pericarp
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The thickened wall of a fruit.
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Define:pollen grains
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The structures that contain the male gametophyte of seed plants.
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Define:pollination
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The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process that is a prerequisite for fertilization.
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Define:receptacle
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The base of a flower; the site of attachment of the floral organs to the stem.
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