Chapter 3 Wood

Front 1

bark

Back 1

dead protective layer of tree

Front 2

cambium

Back 2

creates bark cells on outside and wood on inside of trunk

Front 3

sapwood

Back 3

thick layer of living wood cells inside the cambium

Front 4

heartwood

Back 4

dead sapwood that contributes to strength

Front 5

pith

Back 5

a small zone of weak wood cells in the center of the tree that represent the first year's growth

Front 6

grain

Back 6

direction of the long axes of cells

Front 7

springwood

Back 7

earlywood

cells that are larger and less dense than summerwood

Front 8

softwoods

Back 8

coniferous trees; used today for framing because of abundance and price

Front 9

hardwoods

Back 9

broadleafed trees; moldings, paneling, furniture

Front 10

certified wood

Back 10

comes from forests that are managed for their long-term ecological sustainability and economic viability

Front 11

FSC

Back 11

Forest Stewardship Council

wood certifying body

Front 12

lumber

Back 12

squared wood for use in construction

Front 13

headsaw

Back 13

circular saw

Front 14

plainsaw

Back 14

flatsawn

a method of dividing the log that produces the maximum yield of useful pieces. tendency to warp and distort during seasoning. rings are parallel.

Front 15

quartersawn

Back 15

riftsawn or edge-sawn

sawing methods produce edge-grain or vertical gain lumber where rings are perpendicular. tends to remain flat

Front 16

seasoned

Back 16

what wood is considered when it's moisture content is >19%

Front 17

EMC

Back 17

equilibrium moisture content

moisture content at which it is expected to arrive in a completed building

Front 18

tangential shrinkage

Back 18

greatest amount of shrinkage.

Front 19

knots

Back 19

places where branches joined at the tree

Front 20

knotholes

Back 20

holes left by loose knots

Front 21

splits

Back 21

checks

caused by shrinkage

Front 22

glue laminated wood

Back 22

small strips of wood glued together

Front 23

finger joints

Back 23

glue transmits tensile and compressive forces longitudinally within a lamintation

Front 24

engineered lumber

Back 24

substitutes for solid lumber made from wood veneers

Front 25

structural wood panel products

Back 25

plywood-thin layers of weed veneer glued together

composite panels- 2 parallel facevenners bonded to a core of wood fibers

nonveneered panels- OSB Particleboard, fiberboard

Front 26

OSB

Back 26

waferboard

long shreds of wood compressed and glued into 3 to 5 layers.

Front 27

particleboard

Back 27

made of smaller wood particles than OSB that are compressed into panels. normally used as underlayment

Front 28

fiberboard

Back 28

fine-grained board made of wood fibers and synthetic resin binders intended for interior use only

Front 29

Hardboard

Back 29

thin, dense panel made of highly compressed wood fibers

Front 30

insulating fiberboard sheathing

Back 30

low density panel, made of wood or vegetable fibers coated with asphalt

Front 31

Preservative-treated wood

Back 31

pressure-treated wood

resists decay and insect

Front 32

FRT

Back 32

fire retardant treatment

accomplished by placing lumber in a vessel and impregnating it under pressure with certain chemical salts that greatly reduce combustibility

Front 33

incising

Back 33

small cuts that improve the absorption of water in wood

Front 34

nails

Back 34

sharp-pointed metal pins

Front 35

common nails

Back 35

box nails

have flat heads and are used for most structural fastening in light frame consturction

Front 36

finish nails

Back 36

smaller in diameter

Front 37

pennies

Back 37

how nails are measured

Front 38

bright

Back 38

made out of plain, uncoated steel

Front 39

16d,10d,8d

Back 39

3.5,3,2.5

most often used in light frame consturction

Front 40

screws

Back 40

spiral threaded fasteners installed by turning action

Front 41

wood screws

Back 41

require predrilled pilot holes into which the screw is inserted and tightened

Front 42

bolts

Back 42

used maal connectionsinly for structur

Front 43

washers

Back 43

flat steel disks inserted under the heads of bolts to distribute compressive force

Front 44

describe the difference between carriage bolts and machine bolts

Back 44

carriage bolts- broad button head that needs no washer and a square shoulder under the head

machine bolt- octangular angled head

Front 45

split rings

Back 45

high capacity connectors used in heavil loaded joints of timber frames and trusses

Front 46

joist hangers

Back 46

used to make strong connections in floor framing where wood joists bear on one another at right angles

Front 47

trusses

Back 47

roof and floor construction. manufactured in small plants