Chapter 3 Vocabulary Hannah Bain

Front 1

Cytoplasm

Back 1

the material within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Hint 1

Surrounds the nucleus of cell.

Aka protoplasm

Front 2

Phospholipid

Back 2

lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule.

Hint 2

Example. Lecithin.

Provide protection and structure.

Front 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Back 3

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane.

Hint 3

Aka lipid bilayer

Has two molecular layers.

Front 4

Polar

Back 4

Slightly charged at the end of the poles

Hint 4

Ex.water

Front 5

Nonpolar

Back 5

Neutral charge, even distribution of charge

Hint 5

Ex. Co2

Front 6

Transport proteins

Back 6

a protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism.

Hint 6

Aka escort protein

Vital to the growth and and life of living organisms.

Front 7

Selective permeability

Back 7

A selectively permeable cell membrane is one that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of active or passive transport.

Hint 7

Molecules can go through partially.

Front 8

Glycoproteins

Back 8

A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.

Hint 8

Aka glycopeptide

Front 9

Glycolipids

Back 9

These are lipids with a carbohydrate attached.

Hint 9

Provides energy.

Front 10

Fluid mosaic model

Back 10

A model that describes the structure of cell membranes.

Hint 10

Describes the arrangement of membranes.

Front 11

Diffusion

Back 11

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

Hint 11

Example. Perfume spreading through the air.

Front 12

Concentration gradient

Back 12

barrier between the cytoplasm and external environment.

Hint 12

Can be permeable, non permeable or semi permeable.

Front 13

Osmosis

Back 13

The movement of water molecules from where there is a lot of it to where there is less of it through a semi permeable membrane.

Hint 13

Ex. Sponge taking in water.

Front 14

Turgor

Back 14

The state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells,due to the absorption of fluid.

Hint 14

Take in of to much liquid.

Front 15

Isotonic

Back 15

A solution having the same amount of water inside and outside of the cell.

Hint 15

Water inside = water outside.

Front 16

Hypotonic

Back 16

When more water is outside the cell and less on the inside.water moves inside the cell making it turgid.

Hint 16

Cells become extremely filled.

Front 17

Hypertonic

Back 17

When more water is in the cell than on the outside.water leaves the cell thus leaving the cell shriveled.

Hint 17

Cells become wrinkled.

Front 18

Passive transport

Back 18

Movement of substances across the cell membrane.

Hint 18

action that involves Going across the cell ______.

Front 19

Active transport

Back 19

Movement of substance against the concentration gradient.

Hint 19

This transport uses energy.

Front 20

Facilitated diffusion

Back 20

Movement of large polar molecules and ions by transport proteins from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Hint 20

Ex. A molecule that uses this diffusion is glucose.

Front 21

Endocytosis

Back 21

a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules into the cell by folding them in an energy-using process.

Hint 21

Ex. iron is transported in the blood complexed to a protein called transferrin.

Front 22

Exocytosis

Back 22

Movement of large substance out of the cell by unfolding sections of the cell membrane.

Hint 22

Ex. secretion of enzymes from pancreatic cells and hormones from endocrine glands.