Chapter 3 Vocab (Govt.)

Front 1

a system in which power is constitutionally divided between a central government and subnational or local governments

Back 1

Federalism

Front 2

a system in which the central government has only the powers given to it by the subnational governments

Back 2

Confederal system

Front 3

a system in which the national government is supreme (subnational governments are created by the national government and have only the powers it gives to them)

Back 3

Unitary system

Front 4

The view that the Constitution was written by representatives of the people and ratified by the people; they believe that the national government is the supreme power in the federal relationship.

Back 4

Nation-centered federalism

Front 5

a clause in the U.S. constitution which states that treaties and laws made by the national government overpower state laws in the case of conflict

Back 5

Supremacy Clause

Front 6

the view that our constitutional system should give precedence to state sovereignty over that of the national government

Back 6

State-centered federalism

Front 7

the idea that the Constitution created a system in which the national government and the states have separate grants of power with each supreme in its own sphere

Back 7

Dual federalism

Front 8

an amendment to the constitution which gave Congress power to levy taxes on personal income

Back 8

Sixteenth amendment

Front 9

– A program, constructed by Franklin Roosevelt’s administration (1930’s), aimed at stimulating economic recovery and aiding victims of the great depression (led to expansion of national government’s role)

Back 9

New deal

Front 10

the day-to-day cooperation of the federal, state, and local officials in carrying out the business of government

Back 10

Cooperative federalism

Front 11

the delegation of authority by the national government to lower units of government to make and implement policy

Back 11

Devolution

Front 12

Federal money provided to state (and sometimes local) government for community development and to establish programs to help people such as the elderly, poor, or unemployed (began during the New Deal)

Back 12

Grants-in-aid

Front 13

the idea of states as places for policy experimentation

Back 13

States as laboratories

Front 14

exemptions freeing states from federal program standards and requirements and give them more freedom to set standards and eligibility requirements (applied to welfare programs)

Back 14

Superwaiver

Front 15

federal laws that require the states to do something without providing full funding for the required task

Back 15

Unfunded mandates

Front 16

A clause in the U.S. Constitution that requires the states to recognize contracts that are valid in other states

Back 16

Full faith and credit clause

Front 17

the grant of considerable autonomy to a local government

Back 17

Home rule

Front 18

a means for placing policy questions on state ballots and having them decided directly by voters

Back 18

Ballot initiative

Front 19

one of the authors of The Federalist which supported the ratification of the Constitution (worked with Hamilton to write most of the 85 essays and Jay wrote about 5)

Back 19

James Madison

Front 20

another one of the authors of The Federalist which supported the ratification of the Constitution (worked with Madison to write most of the 85 essays and Jay wrote about 5)

Back 20

Alexander Hamilton

Front 21

the third author of The Federalist which supported the ratification of the Constitution (worked with Madison and Hamilton)

Back 21

John Jay

Front 22

Supreme Court justice

Back 22

John Marshall

Front 23

abolished all internal taxes, tried to make government small, simple, and informal; tried to keep U.S. out of European war; bought Louisiana territories

Back 23

Thomas Jefferson

Front 24

denied states the right to secede from the union; assumed powers in domestic policy

Back 24

Abraham Lincoln

Front 25

determined to use government to improve working conditions, eliminate business corruption, and preserve natural resources (president from 1901 – 1909)

Back 25

Theodore Roosevelt

Front 26

expanded government power to all levels to mitigate the effects of the Great Depression; stock market crashed (president from 1933 – 1945)

Back 26

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Front 27

increased the size of government; Texas democrat; coincided with the peak activism of modern civil right movement

Back 27

Lyndon B. Johnson

Front 28

wanted to make government more effective and efficient; tried to find solutions to bureaucratic problem

Back 28

Richard Nixon

Front 29

believed government was not the solution to problems; created new federalism cutting federal spending; contrasted with Nixon’s approach

Back 29

Ronald Reagan

Front 30

reformed state-federal relationships; National Governor’s Association; said he was a supporter of state’s right EXCEPT civil rights policy

Back 30

William J. Clinton

Front 31

openly advocated returning power to the states; insisted on the right of federal agencies to set national standards; clean air and water; consumer safety

Back 31

George W. Bush