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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is matter?
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"Matter" is anything that takes up space and has mass.
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What is an atom?
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An "atom" is a very small particle that makes up most kinds of matter and consists of smaller parts called protons, neutrons and electrons.
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What is the law of conservation of matter?
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The "law of conservation of matter" states that matter is not created or destroyed but only changes it's form.
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What is an electron?
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An "electron" is an invisible, negatively charged particle located in a cloud like formation that surrounds the nucleus of an atom.
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What is a proton?
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A "proton" is an positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom and that is counted to identify the atomic number.
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What is a neutron?
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A "neutron" is an uncharged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
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What is an electron cloud?
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The "electron cloud" is an area where negatively charged electrons, arranged in energy levels, travels around an atom's nucleus.
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What are quarks?
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When physicists break down an atom's protons and neutrons, they have discovered six (6) different type of even smaller particles called "quarks."
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Who introduced the idea of the atom?
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Democritus
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Who showed that matter is neither created nor destroyed, just changed?
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Lavoisier
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Whose ideas led to the atomic theory of matter?
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Dalton
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Who discovered the electron?
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Thomson
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Who discovered protons exist in the nucleus of an atom?
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Rutherford
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Who discovered the neutron?
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Chadwick
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Who suggested electrons move in energy levels (electron cloud)?
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Neils Bohr
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What is an element?
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An "element" is a natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken down into smaller materials by ordinary means; it has unique properties.
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What is the periodic table?
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"the periodic table" is a chart created by chemists to help them organize and display the elements.
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How are the "elements" presented within the periodic table?
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Each "element" is represented by a chemical symbol that contains one to three letters.
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How are the "elements" organized on the periodic table.
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The "elements" are organized on the periodic table by their properties. Rows and columns represent relationships between the elements.
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What are "the rows" on the periodic table called?
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"The rows" on the periodic table are called PERIODS.
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What are "the columns" on the periodic table called?
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"The columns" on the periodic table are called GROUPS.
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What do the elements in "each group (column)" on the periodic table have in common?
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The elements in "each group (column)" on the periodic table have similar properties related to their structure. They also tend to form similar bonds.
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What is the "top number" above an element on the periodic table called?
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The "top number" above and element on the periodic table is called the ATOMIC NUMBER and tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom.
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What are isotopes?
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"Isotopes" are two or more atoms of the same element (same # protons) that have different numbers of neutrons within their nuclei.
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What is mass number?
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The "mass number" is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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