Chapter 3- Sensory System, Essential General Neurology

Front 1

basic modalities

Back 1

vibration,
position,
tactility
pain
temperature

Front 2

each receptor can only sense one type of stimulus?

Back 2

no, they have lowered thresholds to one specific type of stimuli

Front 3

meissner corpuscle senses ?

Back 3

light pressure and touch

Front 4

merkels discs

Back 4

touch, pressure and vibration

Front 5

ruffini's organs

Back 5

continuous touch and pressure, temperature

Front 6

pacinian corpuscles

Back 6

deep pressure, vibration, touch

Front 7

free nerve endings

Back 7

pain and temp

Front 8

proprioceptive receptors are?

Back 8

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs
they inform the body about position and movement

Front 9

superficial senses are?

Back 9

pain, temp, light pressure and touch

Front 10

deep senses are?

Back 10

position, vibration, gross touch

Front 11

afferent sensory nerve ganglia are found

Back 11

in the dorsal root ganglia- spinal ganglia
they are pseudo unipolar cells

Front 12

there are how many types of sensory pseudo unipolar cells

Back 12

2- those that serve Position,Vibration,Tactile
and those that serve pain,temp,tactility,pressure

Front 13

the name of the tract that carries PVT- pain, vibration, tact

Back 13

dorsal column medial leminiscus

Front 14

where does the dorsal column medial leminscus tract cross?

Back 14

before the medial leminsci after the nuclei cuneatus and gracilis no. 2 neuron

Front 15

the name of the tract that carries pain, temp, tact., pressure

Back 15

SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

Front 16

where does the spinothalamic tract cross?

Back 16

after synapsing in the grey matter at the level of entry- (anterior white commisure)

Front 17

what is parathesias?

Back 17

no painful sensation
pins and needles

Front 18

dysesthesias

Back 18

spontaneous or provoked which are unpleasant to painful

Front 19

hypesthesia

Back 19

decreased sensation

Front 20

algesia

Back 20

relates to pain

Front 21

hypalgesia-

Back 21

is decreased pain

Front 22

allodynia

Back 22

non painful stimulus eg. touch or heat is experienced as PAINFUL

Front 23

global sensory disturbances means

Back 23

all modalities are affected- both sensory systems are affected

Front 24

dissociated sensory loss means

Back 24

when only one modality at the level of the spinal cord or the lower brainstem is affected.

Front 25

syringomyelic syndrome means?

Back 25

means loss of pain and temp

Front 26

posterior column syndrome?

Back 26

loss of vibration sense, perception of pain and temp is not affected

Front 27

what is polyneuropathy

Back 27

diffuse affection of multiple peripheral nerves--> distal glove and stocking sensory deficit.
all modalities are affected

Front 28

how does sensory ataxia occur

Back 28

large fibres for position and vibration are affected
-->motor incoordination

Front 29

sensory ataxia TEST?

Back 29

romberg test
+--> fall over

Front 30

what is a dermatome?

Back 30

segment of skin innervated by fibres of one posterior nerve root

Front 31

cauda equina lesion-->

Back 31

radicular pain and sensory loss in lower extremities in dermatomes on both sides and in the perianogenital region with LMN weakness in relevant myotomes, sphincter and sexual disturbances

Front 32

conus medullaris lesion-->

Back 32

perianogenital sensory disturbances, spincter and sexual disturbances

Front 33

complete spinal cord transverse lesion

Back 33

ANAESTHESIA- loss of all modalities below the lesion
CENTRAL PARALYSIS
PERIPHERAL PARALYSIS at the level of lesion
sphincter disturbances

Front 34

spinal cord hemisection

Back 34

brown squared syn
pain and temp lost on contralateral side BELOW lesion
position and vibration loss on same side
ipsilateral motor paralysis below level of lesion

Front 35

central cord syndrome-->

Back 35

lesion of central grey matter-- loss of pain and temp at the level of lesion = DISSOCIATED SENSORY LOSS
this spreads downwards from the lesion because the medial most spinothalamic fibres are from upper body segments and lateral fibres are from lower areas
preserved position and vibration
LMN at the level of lesion

Front 36

most common cause of UMN below the level of lesion

Back 36

syringomyelia and
intermedullary tumor

Front 37

what is extra medullary syndrome?

Back 37

disturbances of superficial and deep senses
appears from spinal cord compression from LATERAL side
sensory disturbances begin in PERIANOGENITAL-->legs-->upwards
this is because the lesion is outside so it first affects the lateral fibres and then medial
UMN weakness below level of lesion (corticospinal)
LMN at level (anterior horn cell involvement)

Front 38

when does disturbance of deep sensation in extra medullary syndrome predominate in the spinal cord?

Back 38

when the spinal cord is compressed from the posterior side

Front 39

common cause of extra medullary syndrome

Back 39

extramedullary tumor

Front 40

spinal ataxia is?

Back 40

lesions affecting posterior column--> position, vibration, tactile

Front 41

why does spinal ataxia occur?

Back 41

vit B12 deficiency

Front 42

unilateral lesion of the lower brainstem leads to?

Back 42

DISSOCIATED sensory loss due to the spinothalamic tract and medial leminiscus being separate
LOSS of pain and temp on one side of face and the opposite side of body

Front 43

causes of unilateral lower brainstem lesion?

Back 43

lateral medullary infarction
--> wallenbergs syndrome

Front 44

lesion of UPPER brainstem

Back 44

loss of all modalities on one side of body, because medial lem and spinothalamic tract travel together.

Front 45

lesion of thalamus?

Back 45

loss of sense on one side of body ( contralateral) and also hemiataxia (position sense) contra laterally)
spontaneous neuropathic pain

Front 46

lesion of the sensory pathway of the internal capsule causes?

Back 46

loss of all sensation on opposite side of body
plus contralateral hemiataxia

Front 47

lesion in postcentral gyrus?

Back 47

distally located disturbances in extremities.