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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything with volume or mass
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Element
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Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
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Nucleus
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Center of an atom; (made of protons and neutrons.)
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Proton
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Tiny particle with mass and positive electric charge.
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Neutron
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Particle with same mass as proton, electrically neutral.
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Electron
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Little mass, negative electric charge, same magnitude as the positive charge of a proton.
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Atomic Number
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Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
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Mass Number
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Sum of protons and neutrons.
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers.
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Ion
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Atom gains or loses an electron, has a net charge.
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Compound
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Substance composed of atoms of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined.
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Chemical Bond
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Force that holds together elements in a compound.
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Covalent Bond
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Attraction of 2 atoms for a shared pair of electrons that holds the atoms together.
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Molecule
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Composed of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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Ionic Bond
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The attractive force between 2 ions of opposing charges.
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Metallic Bond
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Allows metals to conduct electricity because the electrons can move freely throughout the entire solid metal.
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Chemical Reaction
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Change of one or more substances into other substances.
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Solution
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(Homogeneous mixture) Component particles cannot be distinguished, even though they still retain their original properties.
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Acid
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A solution containing a substance produces hydrogen ions in water. (H+)
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Base
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Substance that produces hydroxide ions. (OH-) in water.
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Crystalline structure
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Most solids are this, because the particles of a solid are arranged in regular geometric patterns.
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Glass
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A solid that consists of densely packed atoms arranged randomly.
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Evaporation
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Process of change from liquid to gas at temperatures below the boiling point.
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Plasmas
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Hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gases.
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Condensation
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When a gas is cooled to the boiling point, and it becomes a liquid.
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Sublimation
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Slow change of state from a solid to a gas (ice to a water vapor) without an intermediate liquid state.
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Differentiate among the three parts of an atom, in terms of location, charge, and mass.
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Protons- in the nucleus, positive charge, has mass.
Electrons- around the nucleus, negative charge, little mass. Neutrons- in the nucleus, neutral, same mass as protons. |
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Why do elements magnesium and calcium have similar properties?
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They have the same number of electrons.
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How does a neutral atom become an ion?
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It gains or loses an electron. Therefore, it gains a positive or negative charge.
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Define the concept of isotopes.
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They are atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. Different mass numbers indicate a change in the number of neutrons. The number of neutrons differs due to radioactivity. They have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons.
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