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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Chromosomes? |
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
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What is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? |
Molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes |
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What are Genes? |
Biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA |
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What is Heredity? |
Genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring |
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What are Genomes? |
Complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes |
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What is Interaction? |
Interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor(such as environment) depends on another factor(such as heredity) |
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What is Epigenetics? |
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change. |
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What is a zygote? |
Fertilized egg |
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What is an Embryo? |
Developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
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What is a Fetus? |
Developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
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What are Identical Twins? |
Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical siblings |
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What are Fraternal twins? |
Twins who develop from two, separate fertilized eggs |
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What is a teratogen? |
Agent, such as a chemical or virus, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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What does Fetal alcohol syndrome cause? |
Physical and mental abnormalities in a child |
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How is a newborn child once he comes out of the womb? |
Arrives with automatic reflex responses thatsupport survival, Cries to elicit help and comfort, Searches for sights and sounds linked to otherhumans, especially the mother Smells and sees well and uses sensory equipmentto learn, Possesses a biologically rooted temperament |
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What is a tempermant? |
A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity andintensity |
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What is Maturation? |
Biological growth processes leading to orderlychanges in behavior, mostly independent ofexperience |
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How has the brain developed for a child at birth? |
Neuronal growth spurt and synaptic pruning |
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How has the brain developed for a child at 3 to 6 months? |
Rapid frontal lobe growth andcontinued growth into adolescence and beyond |
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How has the brain developed when a child is a toddler? |
starts to gain the basic five senses of all humans |
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How are motor skills developed? |
Develop as nervous systemand muscles mature |
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How are motor skills passed on between parents and there children? |
guided by genes andinfluenced by family environment |
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What does Infantile amnesia reflect in babies? |
consciousmemory |
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What is Cognition? |
Refers to all the mentalactivities associatedwith thinking, knowing,remembering, andcommunicating |
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What is piaget's theory? |
Children are activethinkers, Minds developsthrough a series ofuniversal and irreversiblestages |
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What is Schema? |
Concept or framework that organizes and interpretsinformation |
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What is Assimilation? |
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of ourexisting schemas |
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What is Accomodation? |
Adapting our current understandings (schemas) toincorporate new information |
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What are the four stages of Piaget's theory? |
1.Sensorimotor 2.Preoperational 3. Concrete operational 4. Formal operational |
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What is the Sensorimotor stage? |
kids gain tools for thinking and reasoning change withdevelopment |
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What is Object permanence? |
Awareness that things continue to exist even whennot perceived |
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What do kids do in the Preoperational stage of Piaget's theory? |
Child learns to use language but cannot yet performthe mental operations of concrete logic |
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What does the theory of mind involve? |
ability to read the mental state of others |
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What is the cause of Autism spectrum disorder? |
poorcommunication among brain regions thatfacilitate theory of mind skills |
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What does the concrete operational stage of Piaget's theory include? |
Children gain the mental operations that enablethem to think logically about concrete events They begin to understanding change in form beforechange in quantity At this stage, children become able to understandsimple math and conservation |
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What does the stage of Formal Operational in Piaget's theory include? |
Children are no longer limited to concretereasoning based on actual experience They are able to think abstractly |
