Chapter 3 Part 1.

Front 1

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

Back 1

3 main regions of cells

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Control center of the cell

Front 3

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Chromatin

Back 3

3 regions of the nucleus

Front 4

Nuclear envelope(membrane)

Back 4

-barrier of the nucleus

-consists of a double membrane

-contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

Front 5

Nucleoli

Back 5

-Site of ribose assembly

-ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

Front 6

Chromatin

Back 6

-Composed of DNA and protein

-present when the cell is not dividing

-scattered throughout the nucleus

-condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

Front 7

Plasma membrane

Back 7

-barrier for cell contents

-double phospholipid layer

-also contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins

Front 8

Scared of water

Back 8

Hydrophobic tails=

Front 9

Love water

Back 9

Hydrophilic heads=

Front 10

-microvilli

-membrane junctions

Back 10

What are the plasma membrane specializations?

Front 11

Microvilli

Back 11

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption

Front 12

Tight junctions

Back 12

-impermeable junctions

-bind cells together into leakproof sheets

Front 13

Desmosomes

Back 13

-anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

Front 14

Gap junctions

Back 14

-allow communication between cells

Front 15

Cytoplasm

Back 15

is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

Front 16

Fibroblasts

Erthrocytes

Back 16

Cells that cover things:

__-hold neurons together

__-red blood cells

Front 17

Epithelial cells

Back 17

Cells that cover and line body organs

Front 18

Smooth and skeletal muscle cell

Back 18

Cells that allow move organs and body parts

Front 19

1. that connect things

2. that cover and line body organs

3. That allow movement for organs and body parts

4. That store nutrients

5. That fight disease

6. That gathers information and controls body functions

7. Cell of reproduction

Back 19

Cell diversity:

Types of cells-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Front 20

Nerve cell

Back 20

Cell that gathers info and controls body functions

Front 21

Sperm & egg

Back 21

Cells of reproduction

Front 22

Membrane transport

Back 22

-movement of substances into and out of the cell

Front 23

•passive transport

•active transport

Back 23

Two basic methods of transport:

Front 24

Passive

Back 24

___ transport- no energy is required

Front 25

Active

Back 25

___ transport- cell must provide metabolic energy(ATP)

Front 26

Solution

Back 26

-homogeneous mixture of two or more components

Front 27

Solvent

Back 27

-dissolving medium; typically water in the body (water)

Front 28

Solutes

Back 28

- components in smaller quantities within a solution (koolaid)

Front 29

Intracellular fluid

Back 29

- nucleoplasm and cytosol

Front 30

Interstitial fluid

Back 30

Fluid on the exterior of the cell

Front 31

Selective permeability

Back 31

What is it called when the plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others?

Front 32

Diffusion

-high to low

Back 32

-particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution

-movement is from __ to __ concentration

Front 33

-simple diffusion

-osmosis

-facilitated diffusion

-filtration

Back 33

Types of diffusion:

-

-

-

-

Front 34

Simple diffusion

Back 34

Types of diffusion:

-an assisted process

-solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores

Front 35

Osmosis

Back 35

-simple diffusion of water

Front 36

Osmosis

Back 36

Types of diffusion:

-highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins

Front 37

Facilitated diffusion

Back 37

Types of diffusion:

-substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

-transports lipid-insoluble and large substances

Front 38

Filtration

Back 38

-water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure

Ex. Turning waterhose on and the built up pressure spews

-a pressure gradient must exist

Front 39

Active transport

Back 39

-substances are transported that are unable to pass by diffusion

Front 40

Active transport(solute pumping)

Vesicular transport

Back 40

Two common forms of active transport:

Front 41

Exo-

Back 41

___cytosis:

-moves materials out of the cell

-material is carried in a membranous vesicle

-vesicle migrates to plasma membrane

-vesicle combines with plasma membrane

-material is emptied to the outside

Front 42

Endo-

Back 42

___cytosis:

-extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vesicle

Front 43

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Back 43

Types of endocytosis:

__- "cell eating"

__-"cell drinking"

Front 44

Receptor-mediated

Back 44

Fit like a key; uses a receptor to bring in

Front 45

Interphase

Cell division

Back 45

Cells have 2 major periods:

•

•

Front 46

Interphase

Back 46

-cell grows during this time

-cell carries on metabolic processes

Front 47

Cell division

Back 47

-cell replicates itself

-function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes

Front 48

DNA replication

Back 48

During ___ ___, genetic material is duplicated and readies a cell for division into two cells

Front 49

Dna replication

Back 49

__ occurs toward the end of interphase

Front 50

It uncoils and each side serves as a template

Back 50

When replicating dna what does it do?