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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Find the longest chain of carbon atoms and use the name as the ________ of the compound
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base name
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The groups attached to the main chain
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substituents
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The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is known as the
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main chain
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When numbering the longest chain where do we begin with ?
If each end had a substituent the same distance in, where would we begin? |
The end of the chain nearest a substituent
We would start at the end nearer the second branch point. |
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When there are two chains of equal length which chain do you use as the main chain
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the one with most substituents
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The names of the secondary-butyl and teritary butyl groups are based of the _____________ of the carbon atom attached to the main chain.
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degree of alkyl substitution
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In the sec-butyl group, the carbon atom bonded to the main chain is secondary (2 degrees) which means?
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It is bonded to 2 other carbon atoms
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In the t-butyl group, it is teritiary (3 degrees) which means?
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It is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms
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What is a primary(1degree) carbon atom?
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A carbon bonded to only one other carbon atom.
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How many carbon atoms does propane have?
How many does ethane have? What about butane? Methane? |
Propane: 3
Ethane: 2 Butane: 4 Methane: 1 |
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When two or more substituents are present how do you order them?
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alphabetically
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When two or more of the same alkyl substituent are present what do you use to avoid having to name the alkyl group twice?
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Use prefixes di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, etc.
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Are the prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc. considered when alphabetizing the name of the structure?
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Nope.
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SUMMARY - Rules for naming Alkanes
1.) Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and use this chain as the ______________ 2.) Number the longest chain, beginning with the end that is nearest a __________ 3.) Name the substituents on the longest chain as __________. Give the locations of each substituent by the ___________ of the main chain carbon atom to which it is attached. 4.)When two or more substituents are present, list them in __________________. When two or more of the same alkyl substituent are present, use the prefixes di, tri, tetra, and so on (ignored in ______________) to avoid having to name the alkyl group twice. |
1.) base name
2.) substituent 3.) alkyl groups, number 4.) alphabetical, alphabetizing |
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In alphabetizing, are the letters before the hyphens of n-butyl, t-butyl, and sec-butyl considered?
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Nope.
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