Chapter 3 Intro To Govt

Front 1

Specific powers provided to the national government in the U.S. Constitution are called ____________ powers.

Back 1

expressed

Front 2

Federalism that limits national government power by creating two sovereigns—the national government and state governments—is called: .

Back 2

dual federalism

Front 3

For three-quarters of American history, ____________ has/have done most of the fundamental governing.

Back 3

state governments

Front 4

If the Constitution had created a unitary system

Back 4

the Civil War would have occurred sooner.

Front 5

In contrast to the 'dual federalism' that defined America until the 1930s, since the New Deal, ____________ federalism has prevailed.

Back 5

cooperative

Front 6

Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by

Back 6

state and local governments.

Front 7

Programs that are primarily for the benefit of the poor are called ____________ programs.

Back 7

redistributive

Front 8

Regulations or new conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the national government is the definition of

Back 8

unfunded mandates.

Front 9

States' rights advocates argue that

Back 9

they do not have to submit to national laws when they believe the national government exceeds it authority.

Front 10

The "New Federalism" was begun by President Nixon in the:

Back 10

1970s.

Front 11

The division of powers and functions between the national government and state governments is the definition of:

Back 11

federalism.

Front 12

The first and most important case favoring national power over the economy was

Back 12

McCulloch v. Maryland.

Front 13

The New Deal of the 1930s signaled the rise of

Back 13

a more active national government

Front 14

What is a grant-in-aid

Back 14

Money appropriated by the national Congress to state and local governments

Front 15

What is a major problem for federalism?

Back 15

accountability versus flexibility

Front 16

When President ____________ took office in 1932, he energetically threw the federal government into the business of fighting the Great Depression.

Back 16

Franklin Roosevelt

Front 17

When the federal government takes over areas of regulation formerly overseen by state and local governments, the process is called____________.

Back 17

preemption

Front 18

Which provision allows cities a guarantee of noninterference in various local affairs by state governments?

Back 18

Home rule

Front 19

Especially since the New Deal in the 1930s, ____________ has/have played a much more prominent role in protecting liberty and promoting equality.

Back 19

the national government

Front 20

block grants

Back 20

federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds should be spent

Front 21

categorical grants

Back 21

congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by the law

Front 22

commerce clause

Back 22

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which delegates to Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes." This clause was interpreted by the Supreme Court in favor of national power over the economy

Front 23

concurrent powers

Back 23

authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes

Front 24

cooperative federalism

Back 24

a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals. Also known as intergovernmental cooperation

Front 25

devolution

Back 25

a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments

Front 26

dual federalism

Back 26

the system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937, in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

Front 27

expressed powers

Back 27

specific powers granted to Congress under Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution

Front 28

federal system

Back 28

a system of government in which the national government shares power with lower levels of government, such as states

Front 29

federalism

Back 29

a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between an central government and regional governments

Front 30

formula grants

Back 30

grants-in-aid in which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive

Front 31

full faith and credit clause

Back 31

provision from Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution, requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

Front 32

general revenue sharing

Back 32

the process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government, according to an established formula. Revenue sharing typically involves the national government providing money to state governments

Front 33

grants-in-aid

Back 33

programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government

Front 34

home rule

Back 34

power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs