Chapter 3 Head And Nervous System (Brady)

Front 1

galea aponeurotica

Back 1

connective tissue sheet covering the superior aspect of the cranium.

Front 2

cranium

Back 2

vault -like portio of the skull encasing the brain

Front 3

sutures

Back 3

pseudo-joints that join the various bones of the skull to form the cranium

Front 4

interacrainal pressure (ICP)

Back 4

pressure exerted on the brain by the blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Front 5

meninges

Back 5

three membranes that surround and protect the rain and spinal cord. They are the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid membrane.

Front 6

dura mater

Back 6

rough layer of the meninges firmly attached to the interior of the skull and interior of the spinal column

Front 7

pia mater

Back 7

inner and most delicate layer of the meninges. It covers the convolutions of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 8

arachnoid membrane

Back 8

middle layer of the meniges.

Front 9

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 9

fluid surrounding and bathing the brain and spinal cord (elements fo teh central nervous system)

Front 10

cerebrum

Back 10

largest part of the brain . Its consists of two hemishpheres separated by a deep longitudinal fissure. It is the seat of consicousness and the center of the higher mental functions shuch as memory, learing, reasoning , judgment, intelligence, and emotions.

Front 11

cerebellum

Back 11

portion of the brain located dorsally to the pons and medulla oblongata. It plays an important role in the fine control of voluntary muscular movments

Front 12

brainstem

Back 12

the part of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It is comprised of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain.

Front 13

midbrain

Back 13

portion of the brain connectin the pons and cerebellum with the cerebral hemispheres

Front 14

hypothalamus

Back 14

portion of the brain important for controling crtain metablolic activities

Front 15

Thalamus

Back 15

switching station between the pons and the cerebrum in the brain

Front 16

riticular activatin system (RAS)

Back 16

a series of nervous tissures keeping the dhuman system in a state of consciousness.

Front 17

pon

Back 17

process of tissure responsible for the communication interchange between the cerebellum, the cerebrum, mid brain, and the spinal cord.

Front 18

medulla oblongata

Back 18

lower portion of the brainstem containing the respiratiory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers.

Front 19

cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

Back 19

the pressure moving blood through the brain.

Front 20

autoregulation

Back 20

process that controls blood flow to the brain tissure by causing alterations in the blod pressure

Front 21

vertebrae

Back 21

the 33 bones making up the vertebral colum singular vertebra.

Front 22

vertebral body

Back 22

short column of bone that forms the weight bearing portion of a vertebra.

Front 23

spinal canal

Back 23

opening in the vertebrae that accommodates the spinal cord.

Front 24

transverse process

Back 24

bony out growth of the vertebral pedicle that serves as a site for muscle attachment and articulation with the ribs.

Front 25

spinous process

Back 25

prominence at the posterior part of a vertebra

Front 26

intervertebral disk

Back 26

cartilaginous pad between vertebrae that serves as a shock absorber.

Front 27

what is the percentage does the brain consume?

Back 27

20%

Front 28

name the divisions of the vertebral column

Back 28

cervical spine
thoracic spine
lumbar spine
sacral spine
coccygeal spine

Front 29

xiphisternal joint

Back 29

union between xiphoid process and body of the sternum.

Front 30

pulmonary hilum

Back 30

central medial reion of the lung where the bronchi and pulmonary vasculatrue enter the lung.

Front 31

great vessels

Back 31

the large arteries and veins located in the mediastinum that enter and exit the heart; the aorta, superior and inferior vena cave, pulmonary arteries an, and pulmonary veins.

Front 32

ligamentum arteriousm

Back 32

cordlike remnant of a fetal vessel connecting the pulmonary arter to the aorta at the aortic isthmus.

Front 33

centeral nervous system

Back 33

the brain and the pinal cord

Front 34

peripheral neervous system

Back 34

part of the nervous system that extends throughout the body and is composed of the crainal nervous arising from the brain and the peripheral nerves arising from the spinal cord. Its subdivisions are the somatic and the autonomic nervous system

Front 35

Somatic nervous sytem

Back 35

part of the nervous system controlling voluntary bodily funtions.

Front 36

autonomic nervous system

Back 36

part of the nervousystem controlling involuntary bodily funtions. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympthetic systems.

Front 37

sympathetic nervous system

Back 37

division of the autonomic nervous sytem that prepares the body of stressful stuations. Its action is mediated by the nurotransmistters epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Front 38

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 38

division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for ocntrolling vegetative funtions. Its action are mediated by the nerurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Front 39

neruron

Back 39

nerve cell; the fundamental component of the nervous system.

Front 40

Nerotransmistter

Back 40

a substance that is relased fromt he axon terminal of a presynaptic nerron upon excitation and that travels across the synaptic cleft to etih excite or inhibit the target cell . Examples inclue acechylholin, norephine, and dopamine.

Front 41

spinal cord

Back 41

centeral nervous system pathways responsible for transmitting sensory input form the body to the brain and the conducting motor impulses fromt eh brain to the body muscles and organds.

Front 42

anterior medial fissure

Back 42

deep crease along the ventral surface of the spinal cord that divides the cord into right and lift halves.

Front 43

posterior medial sulcus

Back 43

shallow longitudinal groove along the dorsal surface of the spinal cord.

Front 44

gray matter

Back 44

areas in the central nervous system dominated by nerve cell bodies ; the centeral portion of the spinal cord.

Front 45

white matter

Back 45

material that surrounds gray matter in the spinal cord, made up largely of axons

Front 46

ascending tracts

Back 46

bundles of the axons along the spinal cord that transmit signals from the body to the brain

Front 47

desecending tracts

Back 47

bundles of eh axons along the spinal cord that transmit singals from the brain to the body.

Front 48

crainal nerves

Back 48

twelve pairs of nerves that exted fromt eh lower surface of the brain.

Front 49

autonomic ganglia

Back 49

groups of autonomic nerve cells located outsid the central nervous system

Front 50

Pre-ganglionic nerves

Back 50

nervi fibers that extend fromt eh centeral nervous system tot he autonomic ganglia.

Front 51

Postganglionic nerves

Back 51

nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to t he garget tissues.

Front 52

what are the types f sympathetic receptors?

Back 52

Adrenergic
alpha1,2
Beta1,2
Dopaminergic

Front 53

What cranial nerves carrying parasympathetic fibers?

Back 53

5
7
1
9
10

Front 54

Name the endocrine glands.

Back 54

hypothalmus
pituitary
thyroid and parathyroid
Thymus
pancreas
adrenals
gonads
pineal