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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Minerals
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-a naturally occurring, solid crystalline substance, generally inorganic, with a specific chemical composition.
-homogeneous: cannot be divided mechanically into smaller components |
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Chemical bonds??
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Ionic bonds- formed by electrical attraction between ions of opposite charge, such as NA+ and CL-
Covalent bonds- form compounds by sharing electrons are held together by covalent bonds. Metallic bonds- lose electrons are shared and dispersed among the ions. |
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Cations
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Smallest: Silicon
Largest: Potassium |
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Anions
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Smallest: Oxygen
Largest: Sulfide |
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Silicates
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-most abundant minerals in Earth's crust are Oxygen and silicon
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Gypsum
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-primary component of plaster
-forms when seawater evaporates from Sulfur. |
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Moh's Scales of Hardness
1-10 with 10 being the most |
1. Talc 2. Gypsum 3. Calcite
4. Fluorite 5. Apatite 6. Orthoclase 7. Quartz 8. Topaz 9. Corundum 10. Diamond |
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Cleavage, luster, fracture
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straight parallel sides
reflects light crystal breaks along irregular surfaces |
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Streak
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the mineral dust left when scratches
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Specific gravity
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Weight of mineral
________________ Weight of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees C |
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Rock
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a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or non-mineral solid matter
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Identifying rocks
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-texture
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Igneous rocks
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formed by the solidification of molten
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Sedimentary rocks
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formed as the burial products of layers of sediments (such as sand, mud, and calcium carbonate shells)
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Metamorphic rocks
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formed by the transformation of preexisting solid rocks under the influence of high pressure and heat
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Extrusive igneous rocks
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rapidly cooled magmas
ex. basalt |
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Intrusive igneous rocks
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magma intrudes into unmelted rocks masses deep in Earth's crust...produces coarse grain rocks
ex. granite |
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Regional Metamorphism
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occurs when high pressures and heat extend over large regions, as when happens when plates collide
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Contact Metamorphism
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high temp. are restricted to smaller areas, such as the rocks near and in contact with an intrusion
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Foliation
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wavy or flat planes produced when the rock was structurally deformed into folds.
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Rock cycle interacts with what two Earth systems?
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Plate tectonics and climate
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