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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Article VI
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A provision of the Constitution that makes the laws and treaties of the federal government the "supreme law of the land."
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block grants
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Grants given by the federal government to state and local authorities for general purposes.
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categorical grants
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Grants given by the federal government to state and local authorities for a specific purpose defined in a federal law.
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charter
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specify what a city may and may not do.
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city
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an entity chartered by the state to exercise certain defined powers and provide certain specific services.
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confederation
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a form of govt in which sovreignty is wholly in the hands of the states and local govts, so the national govt is dependent on their will.
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conditions of aid
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a condition which a state govt must fulfill in return for taking federal funds.
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devolution
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the return of programmatic management to the states, albeit with some federal guidelines in place.
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Dillon's rule
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the stipulation that the terms of all municipal charters be narrowly interpreted. Reversed by home rule charters, to some extent
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dual federalism
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an interpretation of the Constitution which holds that states are as supreme within their sphere if power as is the federal govt within its sphere of power
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federal system
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a form of govt in which sovereignty is shared, so that on some matters the national govt is supreme and on others the states are supreme
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federalism
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the division of power between a national govt and regional govts, with the national govt sovereign and the states retaining significant powers
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grants in aid
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federal funds provided to states and localities
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initiative
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a provision that allows voters to place legislative matters directly on the ballot by getting enough signatures on a petition
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intergovernmental lobby
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lobbying activities by state and local officials who establish offices in D.C. to compete for federal funds
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McCulloch vs. Maryland
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a supreme court decision that settled two issues:
1. congress can exercise powers not specifically assigned to them in the Constitution if the power is implied from an ennumerated power. "necessary and proper clause" 2. the federal govt is immune to taxation by the states |
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mandates
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requirements imposed on state and local govts to perform. the requirements may have nothing to do with the receipt of federal funds and may not originate from court orders.
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nullification
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a doctrine espoused on behalf of the states' rights position which holds that states are empowered to void federal laws considered in violation to the constitution.
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necessary and proper
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the final paragraph of article 1 section 8 of the constitution which authorizes congress to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated powers
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ordinances
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city laws
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police power
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the power of a govt to enact laws and regulations that promote citizens' health, safety, and morals
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recall
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a provision that allows voters to remove a duly elected official from office.
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referendum
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a provision that allows voter to reject a measure voted by the legislature in the election ballot
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revenue sharing
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a grant in aid program that allowed states maximum discretion in the spending of federal funds- terminated in 1986
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sovereignty
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the supreme or ultimate political authority. a sovereign govt is one that is legally and politically independent of any other govt.
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10th ammendment
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an ammendment to the constitution which defines the powers of the states, stipulating that the states retain all powers not specifically delegated to the national govt by the constitution
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unitary system
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a system in which sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national govt.
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