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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rhythms |
repetitive cyclical patterns of behavior |
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state |
degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external stimulation |
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rapid eye movement |
the period of sleep that is found in older children and adults and is associated with dreaming |
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puberty |
the period of maturation during which the sexual organs mature |
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menarche |
the onset of menstruation |
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primary sex characteristicss |
characterisitics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction |
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secondary sex characteristics |
the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs |
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senescence |
the natural decline brought about by increasing age |
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primary aging |
aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that due to genetic programming occur as people get older |
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secondary aging |
changes in physical and cognitive functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual differences, but that are not due to increased age itseld and are not inevitable. |
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osteoporosis |
a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet |
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synaptic pruning |
the elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation |
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myelin |
protective insulation that surrounds part of neurons, increasing the speed of transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells |
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cerebral cortex |
the upper layer of the brain |
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plasticity |
the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience |
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sensitive period |
a point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences |
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lateralization |
the process in which certain cognitive functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than the other |
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reflexes |
unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli |
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norms |
the average performance of a large sample of children of a given age |
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Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) |
A measure designed to determine infants' neurological and behavioral responses to their environment |
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handedness |
the preference of using one hand over the other |
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sensation |
the physical stimulation of the sense organs |
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perception |
the sorting out, interpretation analysis and integration of stimuli involving the sense organs and brain. |
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visual impairment |
a special need that involves significant loss of sight |
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auditory impairment |
a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing |
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speech impairment |
speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication or produces maladjustment in the speaker |
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stuttering |
substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech the most common speech impairment |
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presbyopia |
a nearly universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood that results in some loss of near vision |
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glaucoma |
a condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eye increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly or because too much fluid is produced |
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presbycusis |
loss of the ability to hear sounds of high frequency |
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peripheral slowing hypothesis |
the theory that suggests that overall processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system with increasing age |
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generalized slowing hypothesis |
the theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system including the brain is less efficient |
