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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MATTER
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ALL SUBSTANCE IN UNIVERSE HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE
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ATOMS
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The smallest object that retains properties of an element
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MOLECULE
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Two or more atoms chemically combined
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3 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
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PROTONS
ELECTRONS NUTRONS |
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PROTONS
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HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE
ALSO THE ATOMIC# ADDED W/NUETRONS = MASS# |
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NUETRON
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HAS A NUETRAL CHARGE
ADDED W/PROTONS = MASS# |
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ELECTRONS
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HAS NEGATIVE AND IS OUTSIDE THE NUCLEAS
GIVES REACTIVITY |
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
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IS STORED ENERGY
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ELECTRON SHELLS
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ENERGY AROUND NUCLEAS
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ORBITAL
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ELECTRONS MOST LIKELY TO BE FOUND WITHIN VOLUME
1ST- 2 ELECTRON REST- 8 HOLD |
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VALENCE SHELL
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INCOMPLETE SHELLS ARE MORE REACTIVE
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5 ABUNDANT ELEMENTS IN ORGANISMS
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CARBON
NITROGEN OXYGEN FLOURINE NEON |
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ION
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ATOM GINED OR LOST 1 OR MORE ELECTRON
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ISOTOPE
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ATOMS THAT HAVE SAME # OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT # OF NEUTRONS
MOST ELEMENTS IN NATURE EXSIST AS MIXTURES |
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RADIOACTIVE
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ISOTOPES ARE UNSTABLE OF BREAK UP INTO PARTICLE W LOWER ATOMIC #
USED IN TRACER TO SHOW BODY FUNCTION(CANCER) |
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IONIC BOND
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ELECTRON IS STOLENAn electrostatic interaction between a cation (+ charged ion) and an anion (- charged ion).
SODIUM AND CHLORINE TABLE SALT LITTLE CRYSTALS |
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COVALENT BOND
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TWO OR MORE ATOMS THAT SHARE
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POLAR BONDS
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UNEQUAL SHARING OF VALENCE ELECTRONS
HYDROPHOLIC |
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NONPOLAR BONDS
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EQUAL SHARING OF VALENCE ELECTRONS
HYDROPHOBIC |
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HYDROPHOBIC
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describing molecules or groups that are insoluble in water
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HYDROPHILIC
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describing molecules or groups that associate with (dissolve easily in) water.
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HYDROGEN BONDS
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WEAK
HOLD OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN MOL TOGETHER ADJACENT WATER TO BOND |
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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN
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ARE WEAK AS SO ARE NOT EFFECTIVE OVER LONG DISTANCE
HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL |
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VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS
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when two atoms of different
substances approach each other very closely – closer than the diameter of an atom – a subtle nuclear attraction occurs THEY ARE WEAK |
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WATER ESSENTIAL FOR LIEF?
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most cells are held together by water
79-95% of a cell is water ¾ of the earth is covered with water water comes in liquid, gas, and solid |
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ADHESION
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POLAR MOLECULES OTHER THAN WATER STICK TO A WATER MOL
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COHESION
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1 WATER MOL IS ATTRACTED TO ANOTHER WATER MOL
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TENSILE STRENGTH
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STRETCH BEFORE BREAKS
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SPECIFIC HEAT
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GIVEN SUBSTANCE ABLE TO RESIST CHANGES IN TEMP
CHANGES SLOW AND HOLDS WELL |
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VAPORATION
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TAKES A LOT OF ENERGY HYDROGEN BONDS MUST BE BROKEN
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STRONG SURFACE TENSION
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An increased attraction of molecules at the surface of a liquid resulting from forces of attraction on fewer sides of the molecules.
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ICE FORMATION
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FEW HYDROGEN BONDS BREAK
WATER LESS DENSE WHEN FREEZES HYDRO BONDS STABALIZE AND HOLD WATER MOL FARTHER A PART |
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PH
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Logarithmic, which means
that a pH scale difference of 1 unit actually represents a 10-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration |
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ACID
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ANY SUBSTANCE THAT DISSOCIATES IN WATER INCREASE THE H+
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BASE
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COMBINE W H+ WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER-EXCEPTS H+
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NUETRAL PH
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BALENCE BETWEEN H+ AND OH-
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PH WORK
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proteins involved in
metabolism are sensitive |
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BUFFER
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SUBSTANCE THAT PREVENTS UP OR RELEASES HYDROGEN IONS
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