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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atomic Theory of Matter
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Dalton:
-each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms -all atoms of a given element are identical, but they differ from those of any other element -atoms are neither created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction -a given compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms |
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Conservation of Matter
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Lavosier:
-matter can be neither created nor destroyed |
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Law of Constant Composition
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Proust:
-a given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass |
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Atom
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Democritus:
-all matter in the world is composed of tiny indivisible particles (atoms) |
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Positive and Negative Charges
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Ben Franklin discovered:
-opposite charges attract -like charges repel |
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Negative particles
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Discovered by Thomson:
-named them electrons |
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Electrons
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-negative charge
-not within nucleus -very small, without mass |
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Protons
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-positively charged
-within nucleus -large, with mass (1 AMU) |
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Neutrons
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-no charge
-within nucleus -large, with mass (1 AMU) |
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formula for neutrons
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atomic mass unit- atomic #
*round up AMU |
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Ion
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anything that's charged
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Isotope
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-same atomic #, different atomic mass
ex: Carbon 13 and Carbon 14 |
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Mass Defect
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-difference between calculated mass of the nucleus and the actual mass of the nucleus
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Nuclear Shell Model
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-most stable are a 1:1 ratio
-2nd most stable are a 1:5:1 ratio |
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Nuclear Reactions
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-any reaction that affects the nucleus
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Alpha Particles
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-usually produced by heavy atoms
-both neutrons and protons must be reduced formula: atomic # decreases by 2, and AMU increases by 4 |
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Beta Particles
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-neutron/proton ratio is large, more neutrons than protons (wants to lose neutrons)
formula: atomic # increases by 1, AMU stays the same |
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Positron Emission and Electron Capture
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-too many protons
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Alpha Decay
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-heavy elements
-too many protons and neutrons |
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Beta Decay
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-too many neutrons
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Cathode Ray
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-radiation that comes from a cathode ray
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