Chapter 3: Cells:the Living Units

Front 1

He was the first to observe plant cells in a microscope

Back 1

Robert Hooke

Front 2

_ and _ proposed that all living thins were composed of cells

Back 2

Schleiden and Schwann

Front 3

_ suggested that cells arise only from other celles

Back 3

Virchow

Front 4

Name the 4 concepts of the cell theory

Back 4

1. cell is basic functioning unit of all living things
2. organism activy dependent on individual and collective activitis of cells
3. Principle of Complentarity-activities of cells made possible by subcellular structures
4. cellular activity needed to continue life

Front 5

All cells have 3 major parts

Back 5

nucleus, cytoplasm and plama membrane

Front 6

Boundary of cell, phospolipid
bilayer, globular proteins embedded in bilayer and acct for 50% of membrane mass.

Back 6

Plasma Membrane

Front 7

Waht is not a role of protein in the plasma membrane?

Back 7

Boundary

Front 8

Permeability of a cell is determines by what 4 factors?

Back 8

1. solubility in lipids (fat)
2. size small lipid insoluble substances like water and some ions can pass
3. electrical charge-must be opposite charge of membrane
4. carrier system-is it being carried in and by what

Front 9

Finger like projections found on the surface of the membrane. Found on absorptive cells like kidney tubules and intestinal cells.

Back 9

Microvilli

Front 10

_ junctions fuse together to prevent free passage of molecules through intercellular space between cells.

Back 10

tight

Front 11

_ junctions anchor membranes together. They are found in tissues subjected to mechanical stress Ex. skin, heart, mucles

Back 11

Desmosomes

Front 12

_ juntions connect cells with hollow cylinders. Allows passage of sugars, ions and other small molecules. found in electically excitable tissues ex. heart, mucles

Back 12

Gap

Front 13

What serves as a cell marker to distinguish how cells are identified?

Back 13

Glycoproteins

Front 14

Substances penetrate the membrane by way of diffusion or _ processes; molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration

Back 14

Passive Proceses

Front 15

Solute pumping or _ transport Requires ATP and a carrier protein to move substances in/out of the membrane

Back 15

Active Transport

Front 16

_ transport requires ATP to move large particles through the plasma membrane.

Back 16

Bulk Transport

Front 17

The type of bulk transport tht moves substances out of the cell.

Back 17

Exocytosis

Front 18

The type of bulk transport that allows large particles to move into the cell

Back 18

Endocytosis

Front 19

Endocytosis process that allows a large particle to be ingested.

Back 19

Phagocytosis

Front 20

Endocytosis process that allows a particle dissolved in water to be digested.

Back 20

Pinocytosis

Front 21

Cellular material inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus. Contents consist of cytosol and organelles.

Back 21

Cytoplasm

Front 22

Powerhouse. provides most of the ATP energy for the cell. Has inward folds of cristae were gluclose is broken down to form ATP

Back 22

Mitochondria

Front 23

What 2 things are released when gluclose is broken down to ATP?

Back 23

water and carbon dioxide

Front 24

The site of protein synthesis. Composed of proteins and a tyoe of RNA.

Back 24

Ribosomes

Front 25

continuous with the nuclear memebrane. Has enclosed cavities called cisternae. Comes in 2 types.

Back 25

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 26

Studded with ribosomes. Produces transport vesicles containing proteins migrating to the Golgi apparatus.

Back 26

Rough ER

Front 27

Plays no role in protein synthesis. involved in lipid metabolism. continuation of rough ER

Back 27

Smooth ER

Front 28

Prioncipal traffic director for cellular proteins. Job is to modify, concentrate, and package proteins for export.

Back 28

Golgi Apparatus

Front 29

Where digestion occurs within the cell.

Back 29

Lysosome

Front 30

Bones and muscles of the cell helping to suport intercellular structures and provide cell movement.

Back 30

Cytoskeletal elements

Front 31

Thin strands of actin. Involved in cell motility or cell shape change.

Back 31

Microfilaments

Front 32

Tough protein fibers with high tenstile strength. Resists puling forces of the cell

Back 32

Intermediate filaments

Front 33

Overall organizers of the cytoskeleton. Positions and suspends organells at specific locations within the cell. Forms the walls of centrioles

Back 33

Microtubules

Front 34

Move substances in one direction across cell surfaces.

Back 34

Cilia

Front 35

Propel the cell. Only found in sperms cells in humans.

Back 35

Flagella

Front 36

Control center for the cell. All cells have one EXCEPT red blood cels. Largest organelle in the cell.

Back 36

Nucleus

Front 37

Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the nucleus. Outer layer continuous with the ER. Larger pores located throughout.

Back 37

Nuclear Membrane

Front 38

Dark spherical bodies found in the nucleus. Function as ribosome producing machines.

Back 38

Nucleoli

Front 39

Composed of DNA and histone. When condensed they form chromosome.

Back 39

chromatin