Chapter 3 Ap Gov

Front 1

block grants

Back 1

money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington

Front 2

categorical grants

Back 2

federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Front 3

conditions of aid

Back 3

terms set by the national governm,ent that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

Front 4

devolution

Back 4

the effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states

Front 5

dual federalism

Back 5

doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate

Front 6

express preemption

Back 6

a federal law or regulation that contains language explicitly displacing or superseding any contrary state or local laws

Front 7

grants-in-aid

Back 7

money given by the national government to the states

Front 8

implied preemption

Back 8

a federal law or regulation that contains language conflicting with state or local laws, that cannot be effectively implemented due to such laws, or that concerns matters in which Washington possesses exclusive constitutional powers (such as treaty-making) or "occupies the field" (like federal employment security and retirement laws)

Front 9

initiative

Back 9

process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot

Front 10

mandates

Back 10

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

Front 11

necessary and proper" clause

Back 11

section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution

Front 12

nullification

Back 12

the doctrine that a state can declare null and void a feder law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution

Front 13

police power

Back 13

state power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals

Front 14

recall

Back 14

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

Front 15

referendum

Back 15

procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature

Front 16

revenue sharing

Back 16

federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states

Front 17

second-order devolution

Back 17

the flow of power and money from the states to local governments

Front 18

third-order devolution

Back 18

the increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation

Front 19

waiver

Back 19

a decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it

Front 20

federalism

Back 20

government authority shared by national and local governments