Chapter 3 And 4 Vocabulary

Front 1

substrate

Back 1

reactant affected by an enzyme

Front 2

active site

Back 2

retgion on a n enzyme that can bid with a specific substrate or substrates

Front 3

nucleic acid

Back 3

large complex organic molecule that stores and transmits genetic information

Front 4

nucleotide

Back 4

unit of a nucleic acid that is made up of a five carbon sugar,,, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Front 5

physical property

Back 5

characteristic of matter that can be observed and measured without permanenetly changing the identity of the matter.

Front 6

chemical property

Back 6

property that desvribes a substances ability to change into a new substance as a result of a chemical reaction

Front 7

phase

Back 7

physical property of matter that describes one of a number of different states of the same substance

Front 8

atom

Back 8

smallest particle of matter that can exist and still have the properties of a particular kind of matter.

Front 9

nucleus

Back 9

in atoms- the center which contains neutrons and protons and accounts for 99.9 percent of the atoms mass in cells -the organelle that controls the cells activities and contains dna.

Front 10

proton

Back 10

positively charged subatomic particle lovated in the nucleus

Front 11

neutron

Back 11

subatomic particle that is electrically neutral and is lovated in the atomic nucleus

Front 12

electron

Back 12

negatively charged subatomic particle lovated outside the atomic nucleus

Front 13

energy level

Back 13

one of a series of orbits in which electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom

Front 14

atomic number

Back 14

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom identifies each element

Front 15

mass number

Back 15

total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 16

element

Back 16

substance consisting entirley of one type of atom

Front 17

isotope

Back 17

atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons than other atoms of the same element

Front 18

compound

Back 18

matter composed of two or more elements chemically bonded

Front 19

chemical bonding

Back 19

process by which atoms of elements combine to achieve stability

Front 20

ionic bond

Back 20

chemical bond that involves the transfer of electrons

Front 21

ion

Back 21

charged particle

Front 22

covalent bond

Back 22

chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons

Front 23

molecule

Back 23

collection of two or more atoms covalentyly bonded

Front 24

chemical reaction

Back 24

any process in which a chemical change occurs

Front 25

mixture

Back 25

substance composed of two or more elements of compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined

Front 26

rna

Back 26

nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides that acts as a messenger between dna and the ribosome and carries out the process b which roteins are made from amino acids

Front 27

dna

Back 27

nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next by coding for the production of a cells proteins

Front 28

solution

Back 28

homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another

Front 29

solvent

Back 29

substance in which a solute is dissolved to produce a solution

Front 30

solute

Back 30

substance that is dissolved in a mixture

Front 31

acid

Back 31

compound that releases hydrogen ions in solution

Front 32

base

Back 32

compound that releases hydroxide ions in solution

Front 33

neutralization reaction

Back 33

chemical reaction that occurs when the hydrogen ions of a strong acid react with the hydroxide ions of a strong base to form water and a salt

Front 34

pH scale

Back 34

measurement system that ranges from0 to 14 and indicates the relative conccentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substance

Front 35

pH scale

Back 35

measurement system that ranges from0 to 14 and indicates the relative conccentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substance

Front 36

pH scale

Back 36

measurement system that ranges from0 to 14 and indicates the relative conccentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substance

Front 37

pH scale

Back 37

measurement system that ranges from0 to 14 and indicates the relative conccentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substance

Front 38

pH scale

Back 38

measurement system that ranges from0 to 14 and indicates the relative conccentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substance

Front 39

suspension

Back 39

mixture contaning nondixxolved particles distributed within a solid, liquid,or gas

Front 40

organic compound

Back 40

primarily those compounds that contain carbon

Front 41

inorganic compound

Back 41

compounds that do not contain carbon

Front 42

polymerization

Back 42

process by which large compounds are constructed by joining smaller compounds

Front 43

monomer

Back 43

small compound that can be joined togherher with other small compounds to form polymers

Front 44

polymer

Back 44

large compound formed by combinations of monomers

Front 45

macromolecule

Back 45

large polymer

Front 46

dehydration synthesis

Back 46

reation in which small molecules join to form a large molecule, removing water in the process

Front 47

disaccharide

Back 47

double sugar formed from the combination of two simple sugars

Front 48

polysaccharide

Back 48

large molecule formed when many monosaccharides link togther

Front 49

hydrolysis

Back 49

catabolic reaction that splits apart molecules with the consumption of water

Front 50

lipid

Back 50

waxy or oily organic compound that stores energy in its bonds

Front 51

cholesterol

Back 51

compound found in animal fats, meats, and dairy products that can build cells but in exvess can be a risk factor in heart disease

Front 52

protein

Back 52

complex polmer of amino acids that bilds and repairs cells.`

Front 53

amino acid

Back 53

substance that has an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other,,, makes up the building blocks for proteins

Front 54

peptide bond

Back 54

covalent bond that joins two amino acids

Front 55

catalyst

Back 55

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up by the reaction

Front 56

enzyme

Back 56

one of a number of special protein catayyst contained in living organisms