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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ferdinand magellan
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succesfully circumnavigats the globe. dies in battle in the phillipines. set out from spanish port.
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silver
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silver and other precious metals were about the only commodoties that china needed to import and hor which the chinese were willing to trade their highly valued maufaacturerers. it was ciritcal for revitilizing sixteenth century world trade.
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melaka
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a port city in the choke point between the indian ocean and the south china sea that connected the peoples and commodities of the indian ocean. diverse city.
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granada
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christians souhgt to drive out the muslims after they sacked constatinople and attacked trade routes. they drove them to granada, a strategic location that overlooked the straits from the mediterranean to the atlantic. finally sacked by christians after a long, costly siege. after the fall all were to convert to christianity or leave. christopher columbus used the national feeling to persuade the spanish monarch to fund his conquest as he said he would find riches to fund the reconquest of israel.
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plantation model
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includes a system of slavery that harvests crops off of house farms. began in the west african coast with the spainish and portugues and then moved to the americas a century later.
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vasco de gama
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the first explorer to reach the indian ocean. he went around the cape of good hope. explored the east coast of africa. sailed for the malabar coast in southern india. laid the bases fro europe's first seaborne presence in Asia. europe began to take over important cities. keep fighting taking and losing.
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military revolution
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the invention of gunpowder revolutionized the way war was fought. invented by the chinese.
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christopher columbus
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sought to make money fro himself and backers, and christinize the world.
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tainos
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the first group of indians that christopher colombus encountered. drew blood because they could not forge steel so did not know of sharp edges which showed the childlike primitivism.
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encomiendas
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grant of labor. for the europeans to enslave the native indian population.
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aztecs
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central valley of mexico. main city was tenochtitlan. had a hierarhy in the village level resulted in centralized political authority. head was a chief speaker. smallpox destroyed. renamed new spain.
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moctezuma II
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the electoral committee elected moctezuma II as emporer in 1502, in a state that under stress from division of power and pressure from the periphery. cortez came. puppet ruler until he was killed.
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hernan cortes
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cortes came to the americas and founf azteecs. and moctezum thought it was quetzalcoatl, a god. gave cortez jewels. took over tenochttlan, lost his rule, came back and destroyed.
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incas
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in the andes. internally split. civil war. Francisco Pizzaro, led the spanish campaign pinned the two sides against each other further. took over by their awe to swords and guns.
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columbian exchange
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the spanish brought wheat, grapevines, and sugarcane and the indians brought tomatoes, beans, cacao, peanuts, tobacco, squash, and livestock such as cattle, swine, and horses.
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mestizos
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mixed blood offspring. between white and indians.
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sugar
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portuguese did not find gold in brazul so they began to farm sugar with african slaves not the native population who was wiped out from diesease or ran to the interior of the country. slaves died off quickly so the transatlantic slave trade quickly began to provide slaves. trade between amerisa, europe, and africa. atlantic centered world. americas provide land and minerlas, africa provides labor, and europe the technology and military power to keep the system in tact.
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Charles V
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elected holy roman emporer in 1519 and became the ruler of the largest empire in european history. divided his kingdom among his sons.
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Reformation
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resulted in rreligous disivsion and led to warfare among states that adhered to different beleifs. the protestant reformatin arose out of the same political conflicts and pursuits of individual aims. also spurred by the spritual concerns for deeper religous experiences known as a protestant.
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Martin Luther
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german monk who claimed," salvation by faith alone." and pronounced the bible as the sole source of christian truth. introduced 95 theses.
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Jean Calvin
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zealous reformer. the doctrine of predestination.
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Council of Trent
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where the catholics reaffrimed its doctrines, sacraments, the importance of acts of charity, papal supremacy, adn the distinctive role of its clergy. and enacted reforms to battle the protestant assaults on clerical corruption.
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Ignatius Loyola
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carried the catholic message overseas. fouded the jesuits that dedicated itself to the revival of the catholic church. jesuits grew rapidly, becoming a powerful organization devoted to missionizing and educating around the world.
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Religious Wars
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a lot of peasent revolts in fighting or accepting the reformation since rulers tried to force religous uniformity.
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Mughal empire
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in india. illustration of asia's economic flourishing empire. one of the worlds wealthiest and most powerful. military powerhouse. centralized state. founded by babur. gunpowder brouhgt swift victories known as the great mughal.
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Akbar
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baburs grandson, when the mughal empire underwent bast expansion and consolidation.
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zamindars
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vast network of decentralized tribute collectors. had the right to calim a part of the harvest from the region's peasants.
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Todar Mal
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hindu revenue minister who monetized the tax assesment system and curbed the political and fiscal power over the zamindars over the pesantry, which resulted in a rise of imperial money.
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Matteo Ricci
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Jesuit Missionary witnessed the wealth of Ming China. described nanjing as a city that surpassed all others in the world in beauty and grandeur.
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1453
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Ottomans sack Constantinople.
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1492
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Columbus discovers the new world.
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1644
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Ming Dynasty falls to the Qing.
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1720
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The Cohong was formed.
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mercantilism
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the mercantilism doctrine presumed that the world's wealth was fixed, and that one country's wealth could only be increased at another's expense.
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Iroquoia
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villages that joined together to for loose conferderation that were more powerful. found in upper new york. very hard to conquer. harder than aztecs or incas.
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Dutch East and West India Companies
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east-backed henry hudson to find route to asia throuhg north america. founded hudson river. here they traded with the iroquoia.
west-founded created to promote settlement, and mantain the slave trade to the caribean. brazil & sugar. |
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Fur trade
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french form alliance with the indians in northern north america. french bring variety of goods and indians bring the furs of beavers.
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metis
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frenchmen would marry into indian famiolies to solidify trading networks. offspring were called metis.
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slave trade
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europen to america.
muslim- to india and egypt. |
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ekpe
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secret male society that enforced the payments of promised slave deliveries
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kongo kingdom
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where europeans got their slaves. civil wars waged fro over a century. prisoners were sold as slaves.
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oyo empire
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west african kingdom. through slavery the leaders were able to consolidate their political power and become wealthy. acquire guns and subdue their neighbors. advance militray to the point where they capture entire villages.
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asanta empire
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triumphed over rivals. present day ghana. boundry lines. west african kingdom. through slavery the leaders were able to consolidate their political power and become wealthy. acquire guns and subdue their neighbors. vast roads.
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abbas I
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powerful, religous inspried leader that fouhgt off neighbors of the safavid empire. his succesors were weak and failed.
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Mehmed Korpulu
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ottomon empire. the korpulu family took control of the office of gandvizer. mehmed first to taked control and make changes. known as the koprulu reformes, the changes in public administration gave the ottoman state a new bust of enrgy and enabled the military to reaqcuire some of its lost possesions. balanced budget.
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kara Mustafa Pashu
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of the ottoman empire attempted to seize Vienna but lost. the sultan ordered him to be strangled to prevent further embarassment.
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Aurangzeb
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last powerful ruler of the mughal emperor. continued the conquest of the indian subcontinent.
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jagat seths
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built a huge trading and banking empire. also took on responsibility to gather taxes for the imperial coffers.
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zhu Yijun
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Wanli emperor. got king at age nine in the forbiden city. refused to meet with anyone. reoutation of degrading the wise and just emporer status held before him.
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wokou
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supposedly japanese pirates that raided the china coastline. ravaged.
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manchu
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ming neighbors to the norht. they fouhgt. joined forces to fight off rebel army and manchu went to claim beijing in return. founded the qing dynasty.
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qing dynasty
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pure dynasty.
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cohong
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Group of Chinese merchants who paid for a privileged monopoly on foreign trade in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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canton system
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qing restricted the europeans to trading in canton and ordered that chinese merchants gurantee the good behavior and the payment fees by the europeans.
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Tokugawa Shogunate
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single ruling family emerged to rule this dynastic state. free of outside exploitation.
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daimyos
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regional ruling househoulds
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Thirty years war
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waged chiefly over religion. changed the nature of warfare and political authority. ended all religous wats ushering a new era of war-making and state building.
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muscovy
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russian empire. used territorial expansion and extended commercial netwroks to consolidate a powerful political order.
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ivan III
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great prince. exoansion was apart of security. married the niece of the last byzantine emperor. therefore he added a strong religous dimension to the state.
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absolutism
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created by the romanovs. clusters the power in the hands of ruling families. however, the right to make war, tax, judge and coim money wa slimited to tsar.
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enclosure
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movement in the end of the eightteenth century that redefined the relationship between landowners and workforces. landownrs took control of the lands that local customs had treated as the common property of reisdent, built fences, and claimed exclusive rights.
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thomas hobbes
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political wirter. wrote leviathan, a reasoned defense of the absolute power of the state over all competing forces as a necessary remedy against the natural war of al aagaist all.
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john locke
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published two traties of civil government. an aruguemtn based on natural rights to liberty and property and on the rigths of poele to agree to form government and to disband and to reform it when they did not live up to the contract.
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seven years war
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french and indian war. intercontinental war. marked triumph of british over spain and france.
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