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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TCP/IP |
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Secure, dependable resilient
Process/application Layer Host-to-host or Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Access or Link Layer |
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TCP/IP vs OSI |
Proccess/application = application, presentation, session
Host-to-host/transport = transport
Internet = network
Network access/link Layer = data link and physical layers |
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Proccess/application layer |
Defines protocols for node-to-node application communication and controls user-interface specs. |
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Layer that defines protocols for setting up the level of transmission service for applications, reliable end-to-end communication. Ensuring error free delivery of data. Packets sequencing and maintains data integrity |
Host-to-host or Transport Layer |
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Layer with protocols relating to the logical transmission of packets over the entire network. |
Internet Layer |
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Network Access/Link Layer |
Implements data exchange between the host and the network.
Oversees hardware addressing and defines protocols for physical transmission of data |
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Proccess / application Layer protocols |
Telnet SSH FTP TFTP SNMP HTTP HTTPS NTP DNS DHCP/BootP APIPA |
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Telnet |
Terminal emulation (remote) 8 bit No encryption All clear text including passwords |
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Secure Shell (SSH) |
Sets up a secure session over a standard TCP/IP connection
-Logging into systems -Running programs on remote systems -Moving files from one system to another
Encrypted connection |
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File transfer protocols (FTP) |
Transfers files between any two machines.
Protocol: FTP used by applications Program: users perform file tasks by hand
TFTP: Trivial FTP -Stripped down version of FTP - fast and easy to use -can only send and receive files |
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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) |
Collects and manipulates valuable network information.
-receives baseline --operational traits of network -watchdogs or agents --sends alerts or traps to management station. |
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) |
Manages communication between web browsers and Web servers and opens the right resources when you click the link
HTTPS - HTTP secure - uses secure sockets layer (SSL) |
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Network Time Protocol (NTP) |
Used to synchronize the clocks on our computers to one standard time |
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Domain Name Service (DNS) |
Resolves host names from IP addresses --internet names like www.amazon.com |
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) |
Assigns IP addresses to Hosts -ip address -subnet mask -domain name -default gateway (router) -DNS server address -WINS server address |
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DHCP client four-step process |
1. DHCP DISCOVER (broadcast) 2. DHCP OFFER (Unicast) 3. DHCP REQUEST (broadcast) 4. DHCP ACK (Unicast) |
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Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) |
Automatically assigns IP address and subnet mask when DHCP server is unavailable
-169.254.0.1->169.254.255.255 -classful subnet B: 255.255.0.0 |
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Host-to-host or Transport Layer Protocols |
TCP (transmission control Protocol)
UDP (user datagram Protocol) |
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) |
-creates virtual circuits --connection-oriented
-initial handshake --two TCP layers decide on amount of data/info before ACK.
-full duplex, connection-oriented, reliable, accurate Protocol
-high overhead --not needed so much with today's network.
-UDP better for VoIP/video --low overhead |
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP) |
Scaled down economy model of TCP Does NOT sequence the segments Does NOT create a virtual circuit CONNECTIONLESS Protocol Does NOT use windowing or provide for acknowledgments |
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TCP vs UDP |
TCP: Sequences, reliable, connection-oriented, virtual circuits, acknowledgments, windowing flow control.
UDP: Unsequenced, unreliable, connectionless, low overhead, no acknowledgments, no windowing or flow control
TCP = telephone call UDP = postcard |
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Port Numbers |
Keep track of different conversations crossing the network simultaneously.
TCP/UDP use port numbers to communicate with upper layers
Originating-source port numbers are dynamically assigned by source host and be 1024 and above. (1023 and below = well-known ports)
Identify the source/destination application or process in the TCP segment. |
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Port Numbers for TCP/UDP (FTP, Telnet, POP3, DNS, TFTP, BootP) |
FTP - 21 (TCP) SSH - 22 (TCP) Telnet - 23 (TCP) SMTP - 25 (TCP) HTTP - 80 (TCP) POP3 - 110 (TCP) HTTPS - 443 (TCP)
DNS - 53 (TCP/UDP)
TFTP - 69 (UDP) BootP - 67 (UDP) DHCP - 67 (UDP) SNMP - 161 (UDP)
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Session Multiplexing |
Used by both TCP and UDP. Allows a single computer, with a single IP address, to have multiple sessions occurring simultaneously --for instance, going to multiple webpages. |
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Internet Layer Protocols |
Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) |
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Internet Layer Protocols |
Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) |
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Internet Protocol (IP) |
The connectionless protocol that provides network address and routing through an Internetwork |
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Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) |
Provides diagnostic and destination unreachable messages.
Works at network layer Provides hosts with info about network problems. Encapsulated within IP datagram
Used when: Buffer full/source quench Hop/time exceeded Ping-ICMP echo request Traceroute - ICMP timeouts |
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Ip address |
A numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network. Designates specific location of the device on the network. |
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IP protocols (ICMP, IP in IP, TCP, UDP, EIGRP, OSPF, IPv6, GRE, L2TP) |
ICMP - 1 IP in IP (tunneling) - 4 TCP - 6 UDP - 17 EIGRP - 88 OSPF - 89 IPv6 - 41 GRE - 47 Layer 2 Tunnel protocol (L2TP) - 115 |
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Address Resolution Protocol and Reverse ARP |
ARP - finds hardware address from a known IP address.
RARP - finds an ip address from A known hardware address. |
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Network Address |
Or network number uniquely identifies each network:
172.16.30.56 |
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Node Address |
Or host address uniquely identifies each machine on network: Must be unique 172.16.30.56 |
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Classful networks A, B, C, D, E |
A = 255.0.0.0 B = 255.255.0.0 C = 255.255.255.0 D = Multihost E = Research
A is less networks and more hosts. And C is more networks and less hosts. |
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Class A |
First bit of first byte must start with 0. 01111111 = 127 0 - 126 (reserved 127 for loopback) |
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Class A |
First bit of first byte must start with 0. 01111111 = 127 0 - 126 (reserved 127 for loopback) |
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Class B |
First bit of first byte must be 1 and second bit must be 0. 10000000 = 128 10111111 = 191 |
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Class C |
First two bits of the first byte must be 1s and third bit must always be 0.
11000000 = 192 11011111 = 223 |
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Class D and Class E |
D: 224-239 (multicast)
E: 240-255 (research) |
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Reserved IP Address |
Network address all 0s = this network segment.
Network address all 1s = all networks
127.0.0.1 = loopback tests
Node address all 0s = any host
Node address all 1s = all hosts
Entire IP address all 0s = any network
Entire IP address all 1s = broadcast to all hosts. |
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Layer 3 broadcast |
255.255.255.255 (any networks and all hosts) |
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Unicast Address |
A single IP address that's assigned to a network interface card and is the destination IP address in a packet.
Directs packets to a single host. |
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Multicast Group |
Hosts subscribed to a group of addresses that received copies of packets forwarded by router |
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Multicast Address |
Enables multiple recipients to receive messages without flooding the messages to all hosts in a broadcast domain
Point-to-multipoint communication
224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 |
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Private IP address ranges |
Class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
