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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Federalism
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Government authority shared by national and local governments.
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Devolution
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The effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states.
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Block Grants
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Money from the national government that states can spend withing broad guidelines determined by Washington.
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Mandates
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Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
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"Necessary and Proper" Clause
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Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the constitution.
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Nullification
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The doctrine that a state can declare null and void
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Dual Federalism
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Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate.
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Police Power
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State Power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals.
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Initiative
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Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.
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Referendum
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Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by a legislature.
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Recall
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Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected offical from office.
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Grants-in-aid
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Money given by the national governments to the states.
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Categorical Grants
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Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.
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Revenue Sharing
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Federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with states.
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Conditions of Aid
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Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.
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Mandates
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Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
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Waiver
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A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a low or rule that would otherwise apply to it.
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Second-order Devolution
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The flow of power and money from that states to the government.
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Third-order Devolution
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The increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation.
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Express Preemption
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A federal law or regulation that contains language explicitly displacing or superseding any contrary state or local laws.
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Implied Preemption
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A federal law or regulation that contains language conflicting with state or local laws, that cannot be effectively implemented due to such laws, or that concerns matters in which Washington possesses exclusive constitutional powers (such as treaty-making) or "occupies the field" (like federal employment security and retirement laws).
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