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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry
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Study of substances of which earth and the universe are composed: Central Science
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Cellular Respiration
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is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in organisms' cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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Matter
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anyhting that has mass and occupies space
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Pure Substance
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Material that is composed of only one kind of matter
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Mixture
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Occurs when two or more substances are physically mixed
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Element
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Substance that is composed of atoms of only one type
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Compound
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Pure substance that is made up of two or more chemically that are chemically bonded together
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Heterogenous mixture
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non-uniform - pie filling,tossed salad, cereal
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Homogeneous mixture
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Uniform - Kool aid, salt water, Coffee
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Atoms
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smallest part of element that retains the properties of that element
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Protons
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+1
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Neutrons
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0
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Electrons
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-1 , .0005
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Electro Neutrality
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he principle that in an electrolytic solution the concentrations of all the ionic species are such that the solution as a whole is neutral.
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Isotopes
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atoms of a given element that have a different number of neutrons
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Atomic Number
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Number of Protons
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Atomic Mass
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number of protons + neutrons
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Periodic Table
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arrangement of elements in an order of increasing atomic number with elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns
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Inert or Noble gas
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outermost of shells are full . these elements will not react
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Electron configuration
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Electrons are distributed such that there are never more than 8 electrons in the outermost shell
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Valence electrons
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Electrons that lie in the outermost shell.
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Cations
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Positive charged ion
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Octet Rule
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most atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surronded by eight valence electrons
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Molecular Formula
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a chemists way of showing the exact number of atoms of each element present in a compound
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Ionic Bonding
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occurs when atoms exchange during a chemical reaction
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Anions
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Negative charged ions
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Covalent Bonding
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Bonding that results from sharing of electrons rather than a transfer of electrons
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Diatomic molecules
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are molecules made only of two atoms
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Double Bond
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A covalent bond in which two electron pairs are shared between two atoms.
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Triple Bond
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A covalent bond in which three electron pairs are shared between two atoms.
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Chemical reaction
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A change in which a substance (or substances) is changed into one or more new substance
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