Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Folks are lactose intolerant because they lack the enzyme _______.
|
Lactase
|
|
|
Life's molecular diversity is based on the propertis of ________.
|
carbon
|
|
|
Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to A. Other ________ B. ________ of other elements mostly C______, H_______ and N________. |
A. Other carbon B. Atoms of other elements mostly Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. |
|
|
Carbon based molecules are called _________ compounds.
|
Organic compounds
|
|
|
By sharing electrons, carbon can a. bond to _ _ _ _ other atoms b. branch in up to _________ |
a. bond to four other atoms b. branch in up to four directions |
|
|
Methane (CH4) is one of the simplest organic compounds. a. Four covalent bonds link _ hydrogen atoms to the _____ atom. b. Each of the four lines in the formula for m______ represents a pair of shared electrons |
a. Four covalent bonds link 4 hydrogen atoms to the carbon atom. b. Each of the four lines in the formula for methane represents a pair of shared electrons |
|
|
Methane and other compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called h_ _ _ _carbons. |
Methane and other compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. |
|
|
Carbon, with attached _______, can bond together in chains of various lengths. |
Carbon, with attached hydrogen, can bond together in chains of various lengths. |
|
|
A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms that can be A. b______ B. u_________ |
A. Branched B. Unbranced |
|
|
Compounds with the same formula but different structural _______ are called i______ |
Compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements are called isomers |
|
|
Corn oil and olive oil are what kind of fats |
Unsaturated fats |
|
|
A _______ group affects a biological molecule’s function in a characteristic way. |
A functional group affects a biological molecule’s function in a characteristic way. |
|
|
Compounds containing functional groups are _____philic |
hydrophilic
|
|
|
Name the 4 functional groups
|
a. hydroxyl group b. carbonyl group c. carboxyl group d. amino group |
|
|
Carbonyl Group
|
A carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom |
|
|
Amino Group
|
composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton |
|
|
Phosphate group
|
Consists of a phosphorous atom bonded to 4 atoms. |
|
|
What are the 4 classes of molecules important to organisms. C P _ _
|
Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids |
|
|
Carbs P... L.. N...
|
CPLN contain very large molecules. They are often called macromolecules because of their LARGE size |
|
|
Sugar monomers are monosaccharides such as those found in g_____ h____ |
Glucose honey |
|
|
What is the primary structure of a protein |
The primary structure of a protein is its unique amino acid sequence |
|
|
________ proteins are the best exemplified by hormones and other chemical messengers |
Signal |
|
|
How does the protein secondary structure result |
results from coiling or folding of the polypeptide |
|
|
A fat is a large lipid made from two kinds of smaller molecules _______ and ______ acids |
Glycerol and fatty acids |
|
|
Why are fat often called triglycerides |
Because of their structure |
|
|
What is a fat with a single bond called |
Saturated fatty acids |
|
|
What is the major component of all cell membranes |
Phospholipids |
|
|
The carbon skeleton of a steroid contains how many fused rings |
Four fused rings |
|
|
What is a common component in animal cell membranes |
Steroids |
|
|
Some fatty acids contain how many more double bonds forming unsaturated fatty acids |
One or more |
|
|
Cholesterol is needed for what 3 structures H A S |
Hormones, steroids and animal cell membranes |
|
|
What does coiling result in |
A helical structure called an alpha helix |
|
|
What kind of sheet dominate some fibrous proteins such as those found in spider web |
Pleated shet |
|
|
Receptor proteins transmit signals into what |
Cells |
|
|
Additional amino acids can be added by the same process to create a chain of amino acids called a |
Polypeptide |
|
|
What is the three dimensional shape of a polypeptide |
Tertiary structure |
|
|
What do you call two or more polypeptide chains AKA subunits |
Quaternary structure |
