Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the functions of carbohydrate molecules? |
To serve as energy sources for cells |
|
|
Define the most basic sugar glucose. |
A hexose aldehyde sugar that is central to many metabolic processes (used as an energy source in most organisms)
|
|
|
_________________is very sweet, associated with honey, apples, oranges, pears, etc |
Fructose |
|
|
__________________the sugar present inmilk, such as mother's milk or colostrum. |
Lactose |
|
|
______________is common table sugar. |
Sucrose |
|
|
Define ribose |
The five carbon sugar present in RNA and in important nucleoside triphosphates such as ATP |
|
|
_____________sometimes called "animal starch." |
Glycogen |
|
|
The most abundant carbohydrate is cellulose. What is it and can we digest it? |
Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate. It is an insoluble polysaccharide composed of many joined glucose molecules. Humans cannot digest cellulose due to lacking certain enzymes. |
|
|
Define chitin. |
Chitin is a nitrogen-containing structural polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of insects and teh cell walls of many fungi |
|
|
List two places chitin is found. |
Shell of a lobster and cell wall of many fungi |
|
|
Name three functions of lipids? |
Energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, hormones |
|
|
When a substance is a "saturated fatty acid," it contains the maximum number of ________atoms. |
Hydrogen |
|
|
This lipid is a component of cell and plasma membranes. |
Phospholipids |
|
|
Define phospholipids |
Lipids in which two fatty acids and phosphorus-containing group are attached to glycerol; major copenents of cell membranes |
|
|
List two places where you would find phospholipids in the body |
Cell membranes |
|
|
_______________-This lipid is the form inwhich the body stores or reserves energy. |
Tricacylglycerols |
|
|
What do most animals convert tehorange and yellow pigmetn known as carotenioid to? |
Retinal |
|
|
What is the function of retinal? |
Mollusks, insects, and vertebrates have eyes that are retinal in the process of light reception |
|
|
______________regulate certain aspects of metabolism in a variety of animals including vertebrates, insects and crabs |
Streroid hormones |
|
|
What is an esential amino acid. Are they the same for each species? |
Essential amino acid are those an animal cannot synthesize in amounts sufficient to meet its needs and must obtain from teh diet; No they are not the same for each species |
|
|
Which protein molecules are involved in heredity, genes, and chromosomes? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
|
|
Which life molecule provides protein synthesis or transcribes Proteins-RNA or DNA |
RNA |
|
|
When a protein is denatured, what is changed? |
The structure of the protein becomes disordered and the coiled peptide chains unfold yielding a more randome conformation (changes in shape and the accompanying loss of biological activity) |
|
|
An enzyme is a protein. What is the function of an enzyme? |
Catalyze (accelerate) specific chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for that reaction |
|
|
What is the function of RNA? |
Paticipates in the process in which amino acids are linked to form polypeptides |
|
|
What is ATP? |
Adensine triphosphate (ATP) is composed of adenine ribose and three phosphates; is a major importance as the primary energy currency of all cells |
|
|
Before a reace runners should eat carbohydrates, why? |
To give them a burst of energy |
|
|
A quick source of energy for the body |
Carbohydrates |
|
|
Name major three functions of lipids? |
Energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, Hormones |
|
|
This group of life molecujls is storage of excess calories or energy. Is the secondary choice of energy for metabolism (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) |
Lipids |
|
|
This group of life moleculs is teh building material in animals. Examples are (amino acids and enzymes). (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, or all of them) |
Proteins |
