Chapter 3

Front 1

Federalism

Back 1

Government authority shared by national and local governments

Front 2

Devolution

Back 2

the effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states.

Front 3

Block Grants

Back 3

money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington

Front 4

Sovereignty

Back 4

supreme or ultimate political authority

Front 5

Mandates

Back 5

terms set by the national government that t\states must meet whether or not ty accept federal grants.

Front 6

"necessary and proper" clause

Back 6

section of the Constitution allowing congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties and which has permitted congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution.

Front 7

nullification

Back 7

the doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law, that in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution.

Front 8

dual federalism

Back 8

doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should ne kept separate.

Front 9

Police power

Back 9

state power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals.

Front 10

McCulloch v Maryland (1819)

Back 10

the constitutions "necessary and proper" clause permits congress to take actions (in this case, to create a national bank) when it is essential to a power that congress has (in this case, managing the currency)

Front 11

Gibbons vs Ogden (1824)

Back 11

the constitutions commerce clause gives the national government exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce.

Front 12

Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad v Illinois (1886)

Back 12

the states may not regulate interstate commerce

Front 13

United States v Lopez (1995)

Back 13

the national governments power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce I(in this case, banning firearms in a school zone)

Front 14

Initiative

Back 14

process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.

Front 15

referendum

Back 15

procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislative

Front 16

recall

Back 16

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

Front 17

grants-in-aid

Back 17

money given by the national government to the states.

Front 18

Catigorical Grants

Back 18

federal grants for specific purposes such as building an airport

Front 19

revenue sharing

Back 19

federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states.

Front 20

Conditions of aid

Back 20

terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

Front 21

mandates

Back 21

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

Front 22

waiver

Back 22

a decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it.

Front 23

second order devolution

Back 23

the flow of power and money from the states to local governments

Front 24

third order devolution

Back 24

the increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation

Front 25

express preemption

Back 25

a federal law or regulation that contains language explicitly displacing or superseding any contrary state or local laws.

Front 26

implied preemptaion

Back 26

a federal law or regulation that contains language conflicting with state or local laws, that cannot be effectively implemented due to such laws or that concerns matter in which Washington possesses exclusive constitutional powers (such as treaty making) or "occupies the field" (like federal employment security and retirement laws.)