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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structural and Functional Unit of life |
Cell |
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Three basic parts that all cells contain |
Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus |
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Name of the fluid that is found inside the cell |
Intracellular fluid |
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Name of the fluid that is found outside the cell |
extracellular |
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Name of the fluid that is found between the cell membrane and the blood vessel |
Interstitial Fluid |
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Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophilic (water loving) |
Phosphate Head |
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Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophobic (water fearing) |
Lipid Tails |
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What type of substances can pass through the cell membrane without any special attention. |
Lipid soluble (gases, vitamins, etc) |
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Two characteristics of passive transport |
Requires no energy ATP Substances move down the concentration gradient |
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Three characteristics of active transport |
Requires ATP Occurs in living cells only Substances move against concentration gradient |
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Name different types of passive transport and no something about each. |
Simple diffusion (lipid soluble) Filtration Facilitated Diffusion: uses channels Carrier mediated diffusion: uses protein carriers Osmosis: deals with water and aquaporins |
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What type of solution would cause the cells of the body to remain the same size if added to the body |
Isotonic |
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What type of solution would cause the cells of the body to swell if added to the body |
Hypotonic |
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What type of solution would cause the cells of the body to shrink if added to the body |
Hypertonic |
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Name two types of active transport |
Cellular Pumps Vesicular Transport |
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What is it called when a cell shrinks because of the loss of fluid when placed in a hypertonic solution |
Crenation |
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Process in which substances (ex: hormones) enter the cell by stimulating a receptor on the cell wall and causes the cell to undergo endocytosis with a vesicle. |
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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What is the active transport system where the cell uses a vesicle creation to engulf substances outside the cell and bring them inside the cell. (example: white blood cells) |
Phagocytosis |
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What is this a picture demonstrating: |
Osmosis |
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That is this picture demonstrating: |
Active Transport |
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What is the process of fluid filled endocytosis where the cell fold and bring in intracellular fluid. |
Pinocytosis |
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Is made up of water with solutes such as proteins salts and sugars |
Cytosol |
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Glycogen, pigments, lipid droplets, and crystals are examples of what in the cytoplasm. |
Inclusions |
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What is the majority of the cytoplasm composed of |
Water |
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A cell that has only one nucleus is called |
Uninucleated |
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A cell that has no nucleus is called |
anucleate |
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What is the fundamental unit of chromatin called |
Nucleosomes |
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What are the large proteins that DNA is wrapped around and packed with |
Histones |
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When chromatin is condensed into barlike bodies inside the nucleus we call these |
Chromosomes |
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The threadlike stands that are made up of DNA, histones, and RNA is called |
Chromatin |
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What are the three phases of interphase |
G1, S, G2 |
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What is the name of the phase in which the cell actually divides into two cells |
Mitotic phase |
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Which phase of interphase do you find vigorous growth and an increase in metabolism |
G1 (gap 1) |
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Which phase of interphase do you find the replication of the DNA in the cell |
S (synthetic) |
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Which phase of interphase do you find the proof reading and preparation stage of division |
G2 (Gap 2) |
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Which enzyme splits the DNA strand in preparation of replication |
Helicase |
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Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides at the primer in the DNA replication phase |
DNA Polmerase |
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Which enzyme is responsible for splicing the short segments of DNA together in the lagging strand |
DNA ligase |
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If this code is the leading strand sequence, what would be the replicated alternative side: ATGCGCTA |
TACGCGAT |
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Since each DNA strand duplicated is composed of one old and one new strand of nucleotides we would call this |
Semiconservative Replication |
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What is the name of cell division where gametes are produced |
Meiosis |
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What is the name of cell division where clones are produced |
Mitotic cell division |
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What are the four stages of Mitosis |
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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The division of cytoplasm by cleavage furrow is known as |
Cytokinesis |
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What is a segment of DNA with blueprints for one polypeptide called |
Gene |
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What are the three types of RNA used for protein synthesis |
Messenger (mRNA), ribosomal (rNRA), transfer (tRNA) |
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The first process of RNA formation, where DNA is coded into mRNA is known as |
Transcription |
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The process of protein synthesis where mRNA is decoded to assemble polypeptides |
Translation |
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What does this picture illustrate |
Initiation |
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What does this picture illustrate |
Elongation |
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What does this picture illustrate |
Termination |
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What is a set of three-base sequences of mRNA called |
Codon |
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At the ribosome the mRNA codon binds to this |
Anticodon |
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Which RNA is responsible for taking the code from the DNA to the ribosome |
Messenger (mRNA) |
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Which RNA is responsible for the coding into the ribosome |
Ribosonal (rRNA) |
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Which RNA contains the anticodon |
Transfer (tRNA) |
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If this is the DNA strand, then what would be the mRNA: ATTACGC |
UAAUGCG |
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If this was the codon of rRNA, what would the anticodon that it attached to be: AUA |
UAC |
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If this was the codon of rRNA, what would the anticodon that it attached to be: GAT |
CUA |
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List the three "Stop Codon" |
UAA UAG UGA |
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What is necessary once a vesicle is taken inside the cell during endocytosis |
A lysosome is combined with the vesicle to break down the ingested substances before they are released into the cell. |
