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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orientation to tissues of the body |
Chemicals or molecular levels, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level |
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Types of tissues |
Epithelial and connective |
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Definition of epithelial tissue |
A sheet of cells that covers an exposed surface or lines of an internal cavity or passageway Includes: epithelia and glands |
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What are glands? |
Secretory structures derived from epithelia |
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Important characteristics of epithelia |
Cellularity, polarity, attachment, a vascularity, arranged into sheets or layers and regeneration |
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Functions of epithelial tissue |
Provide physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation and produce specialized secretion |
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Specialization of epithelial cells |
Microvilli, stereocilia and ciliated epithelium |
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How is the integrity of the epithelium maintained? |
intercellular connections, attachment to the basal lamina, epithelial maintenance and renewal is self-perpetuated |
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Two types of classification of epithelia |
Simple epithelium and stratified epithelium |
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Types of simple epithelium |
Squamous epithelia, cuboid epithelia and columnar epithelia |
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Types of stratified epithelium |
Squamous epithelia, cuboid epithelia, transition epithelia, columnar epithelia and psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelia |
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Two types of glands |
Exocrine glands and endocrine glands |
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Definition of exocrine glands |
Discharge their secretion onto an epithelial surface |
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Definition of endocrine glands |
Ductless glands that release their secretion directly into the interstitial fluids, lymph or blood |
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Types of secretion of exocrine glands |
Mucins, enzymes, water and waste products |
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Structure of exocrine glands |
unicellular or multicellular |
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Mode of secretion of exocrine glands |
Merocrine, apocrine and holocrine |
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Three components of connective tissues |
1. Specialized cels 2. Extracellular protein fibers 3. Fluid knowns as the ground substance [[2 and 3 are known as the matrix]] |
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Cell types |
Fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, netrophils/eosinophils, melanocytes and adipocytes |
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What are fibroblast? |
They produce fibers of the connective tissues |
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What are macrophages? |
Scavengers of our bodies-- wanders around and looks for pathogens/ kills pathogens |
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What are mast cells? |
They stimulate local inflammation (works with immune system) |
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What are lymphocytes? |
They produce t-cells and b-cells that are part of the immune system to fight pathogens |
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What are neutophils/eosinophils? |
Phagocytic blood cells that are recruited during tissue injury. Removes debris that's present |
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What are melanocytes? |
They produce melanin which gives our skin color |
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What are adipocytes? |
They store lipids (fat) used for energy |
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Functions of connective tissues |
1. Establishing a structural framework for the bones 2. Transporting fluids and dissolved materials from one region of the body to another 3. Providing protection for delicate organdies 4. Supporting surrounding and interconnecting other tissue types 5. Storing energy reserves, especially in the form of lipids 6. Defending the body from invasion by microorganism |
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Three categories of connective tissues |
1. Connective tissue proper 2. Fluid connective tissues 3. Supporting connective tissues |
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What does connective tissue proper contain? |
Extracellular fibers, viscous ground substance and two classes of cells (fixed and wandering) |
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What are fixed cells? |
Stationary cells that are involved primarily with local maintenance, repair and energy storage Includes: fibroblasts, fibrocytes, fixed macrophages, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells and melanocytes |
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What are wandering cells? |
Defense and repair of damaged tissues Includes: free macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils |
