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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication
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Communication involves the exchange of messages, verbally and nonverbally, through signals or writing.
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Communication
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Communication methods include spoken or written language, gestures, facial expressions, and body movements. Interpersonal communication is cooperative in nature.
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Communication
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the communication process requires a sender and a receiver to transmit and receive a message
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Communication
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A sender is also known as a speaker this person transmits a message to a receiver also known as a listener. The speaker must transmit a message which will be typically a request and ordered a question or a description in a form of which that the receiver or listener can understand. The listener than acknowledges the message by providing feedback for responding then becoming a speaker as well.
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Characteristics of effective communication attitude
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an officers believe and values help establish his or her attitude and level of respect for another person, group, or even. Be aware of your attitudes and values because they can shake your expectations of what will happen in any given situation.
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Self control
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While interacting with the public, you may encounter people who react negatively to your authority as the one representing a law enforcement agency. This is not an attack on you as a person, but what you represent. Self control will help you stay emotionally strong, even under a significance stressors. Know your strength and your weaknesses. Accepting and overcoming weakness is extremely important to achieving self-control. When presented with a stressful situation, reads smoothly, deeply, and evenly to maintain composure. Be aware of things that can irritate you, exercise in self control over your reaction. When an officer losing self control, a situation can deteriorate and have a negative result.
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self knowledge
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The individual understanding of one's own nature, character, abilities, motives, and limitation. Self knowledge remote control, especially when the officer is dealing with emotional triggers. Everyone has emotional triggers that stem from personal sensitivities and the traditions they value.
Easy for addition include your reputation, respect, pride in your heritage, and other personal beliefs. But that's your trigger points and learn ways to control your emotions. The lack of being able to control your emotional triggers is it safety issue. |
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Courtesy
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Demonstrate courtesy by showing consideration, respect, and cooperation when interacting with others. Courtesy and professionalism go hand in hand when interacting with citizens and other law enforcement professionals. Treat all people with dignity, courtesy, and respect, regardless of race, gender, appearance, or behavior.
Maintaining a professional, courteous demeanor will help you respond appropriately to any situation. |
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Communication process listening
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Listening goes beyond merely hearing words. A good listener concentrates on what is said, focusing on the words, ideas, and important information related to the subject.
Active listening is a component of the communication process. To use active listening, repeat to the speaker what you have heard by repeating or dare free and its peoples words. Listen carefully, evaluate the statement, and feedback he points to the sender to show that you understand what they are saying. |
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Communication process speaking
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The effective communicator ajusts how he or she is speaking to accommodate the needs of the listener. Use short commonly understood word, and avoid slang, jargon, or obscure phrases.
Give clear, specific directions like, stand next to the trunk of your car is better than saying move over there where I can see you. The officer who communicates effectively also speak in an appropriate tone of voice. How something is dead is as important as what is that. The tone of voice, how fast you speak, and facial expressions greatly affect listeners. The use of open-ended questions will promote the continued exchange of information without limiting the other person's responses to short or one word answers. |
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Nonverbal communication
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Interpersonal communication is more than broken exchanges. It includes nonverbal communication that is expressed through tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures, and body language. It is not what is conveyed as much as how you can be. When interacting with this fix, with them, and witnesses, officers should consider always to strive to match their spoken message with their non verbal messages. Communication occurs at multiple levels and in various ways.
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Nonverbal communication
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People communicate nonverbally through posture, muscle tension, facial expression, and even how long it take the person to respond to a question.
Nonverbal communication in particular is subject to serious misinterpretations because people react to stressful situations differently. Crossed arms or legs may indicate deception or defensivness. Sweating, rapid breathing, fidgeting or blinking may indicate their nervousness. Anger is sometimes demonstrated through clenched fists, pacing, clenched teeth, or a clear unwillingness to communicate. When a person is nervous or withholding information, he or she might rock back and forth. Frown's can shoot this pleasure, and easy, or confusion. Miles may indicate pleasure, confusion, or failure to understand. A lack of obvious emotion may indicate shock, fear, not hearing or understanding, or a sociopathic personality. |
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Nonverbal communication
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It was stupid person who feels at ease with the officer in the situation may have a relaxed on street with arms down by the side or comfortably in the lap. Avoiding eye contact with the officer may mean the person is shy, uneasy, shameful, fearful, or guilty. Looking directly at the office or may indicate the person is truthful or challenging. If a person take the quick or cautious peek at the officer, he or she may be seeking approval from the officer. The person may also be fearful and worried about giving too much information.
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Nonverbal communication
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Culture can also influence interpersonal interaction reaction, such as someone avoiding eye contact. One group might consider certain mannerisms and gestures to be appropriate, while another group might consider them to be extremely rude. And also as I contact can either intimidate delusional or indicate concern and openness. Ultra can also influence how much I contact is considered permissible. Certain cultures view eye contact as a sign of disrespect or aggression. Additionally, personal space varies greatly from culture to culture. If an individual is within your reactionary gap, the distance where you can suddenly react to a threat, understanding the nonverbal cues that determine that person's temperament will help you judge how to distance yourself appropriately.
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Evaluating verbal and nonverbal cues
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The more you understand verbal and nonverbal cues, (feedback), the greater your ability to communicate and choose the appropriate words. Constantly value in your attitude and examining effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills is important to your job and safety. There are several ways to evaluate feedback. You can listen to send it to understand, and observe facial expressions that show agreement or confusion. You may also watch for gesture is such as shoulders shrugging instead of a verbal respond, which may indicate a lack of understanding.
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Evaluating verbal and nonverbal cues ( 8 questions )
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To determine if off at the communication is occurring your r 8 possible questions you may ask you stopped we buy you the situation:
1 what is the subjects bodies dance or position 2 what facial expression is the interviewee making and does this provide additional information? 3 what is the position of this person's hands arms and legs? 4 is the subject leaning towards or away from anything or anyone? 5 is the subject grabbing another person? 6 what is the tone, volume, and pitch of the subjects voice? 7 what words are used, and how are they spoken? 8 do I need to respond based on what I see and hear? |
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Barriers to communication
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Identify and eliminate barriers to communication during execution of your duties to reduce the volatility of a situation and improve the quality of service is provided. Barriers include personal prejudices, stereotyping, and racial or ethnic slurs.
Miscommunication may occur as a result of age, or generational differences. Language differences, profane or derogatory language, and disrespectful hand or body. |
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Professional communication: projecting a positive self image
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Feeling comfortable with expressing yourself generally projects a positive self image. Your appearance is the first non verbal message you give up on arriving at a scene. Keep your uniform clean and pressed and your shoes shined. Maintain your personal hygiene.
Command presence: command presence is an officer's demeanor and confident exhibited by personal appearance, erect posture, alertness, and attention to surroundings. Command prescence is an officer's most valuable nonverbal tool, and you develop it through a combination of training and self-confidence. |
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Professional communication: strategies of self talk
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self-talk: self-talk is a continual internal monologue that occurs as the officer evaluates even taking place around him. Still talking ables you to keep thought, verbal and nonverbal communication, and emotional responses in check and on track to assessing the situation and completing a task.
To communicate effectively, you must not allow emotions to color your words or actions. Remain open minded and sincerely listen to the speaker without imposing your cultural bias is in values on the speaker or how you understand the information. Be the calming presence, and do not allow your anger to escalate a situation. Hostility and rudeness have no place in an officer's relationship with the community. You will not gain public support by expressing irritation or frustration. |
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Professional communication: community expectations an officer response
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Community: community refers to the people and locations that make up the neighborhood, institutions, and businesses in the area where you work.
The community expects officers to behave in a courteous, efficient, and acceptable manner, treating all people in partially with consideration and compassion. Also you can build community trust in local law enforcement by upholding the legal rights of citizens without bias. Displaying professional behavior when dealing with the community is just as important as demonstrated proficiency with firearms or in defensive tactics. |
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Community demographics and office response
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People from other countries may not understand how the United States criminal justice system works, or the officers from their home country maybe corrupt. They me feel fear, distrust, or discomfort when interacting with officers.
Negative perceptions of law enforcement are free. Topics of community discussion that referred two incidents of your office or responses that have occurred in the past. And unprofessional, inconsiderate reaction to a situation can destroy the goodwill back two years to build. Citizens who experience - contact with law enforcement personnel might view officers and favorably: erasing the negative emotions and regaining Trust is not easy. |
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Conflict resolution
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Officers are frequently called upon to mediate conflicts.
The process of conflict resolution involves managing and resolving disputes rationally and effectively. It increases the awareness and understanding of each party's concerns and how they can reach. Without undermining each other. It develops mutual respect and the ability to work together, and provides individuals with an understanding of what is most important for each of them. The goal of conflict resolution is to reach both goals without undermining one another. Knowing how to manage and resolve conflicts is an essential skill for officers. It is the officer's responsibility to steer people involved in a potentially dangerous incident away from escalating to violence. You should remain impartial and calm when helping people resolve conflicts. Common volatile situation is that you may encounter include domestic disputes, child custody exchange is, landlord tenant disagreements, traffic crash investigations, and civil dispute related to services. |
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Five strategies for finding resolutions to volatile situation
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1 separate the involved people, making sure they are in a safe location. 2 assess the needs of the people. 3 gather information from all sides. 4 Explorer possible options within the boundaries of the law. 5 implement a solution.
When managing a conflict, vs identify the causes of the conflict in try to avoid potential emotional triggers. Determine if the comp we can be resolved or only managed within the allotted time. Know the limitations of your skills, and the resources available to manage the conflict, and bring it to an acceptable conclusion. Restoring order by guiding the involved parties toward a peaceful resolution should be the primary goal: however, everyone may not agree with the chosen resolution. |
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Disability awareness: Americans with Disabilities Act
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Americans with Disabilities Act: Americans with Disabilities Act is a federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities and requires public buildings and places to have equal opportunity for access.
According to the ADA, and individual with a disability is the person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, have a record of such impairment, or is regarding is having such impairment. |
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Disability awareness: Americans with Disabilities Act
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substantial limitation: a substantial limitation is a restriction of the manner, conditions, or duration in which one can perform made your life activities compared to 9 in. People.
Major life activities: major life activities include caring for oneself, performing manual tab, walking, theme, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. Other major life activities: other major life activities include sitting, standing, and lifting, and mental and emotional processes such as thinking, concentrated, and interacting with others. Impairment: impairment is defined as any mental, physiological, or physical disorder that makes the completion of major life activities using traditional methods difficult. An example of such impairments are back or spinal injury or mental disabilities and neurological impairment, extremity and pyramids, heart impairment, substance abuse, diabetes, hearing impairment, visual impairment and blood disorders. |
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Disability awareness: Americans with Disabilities Act
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The most common disabilities that you will encounter are psychiatric and or mental disabilities.
suffix A: neurological impairment A1 HEARING A2 SPEECH A3 VISION IMPAIRMENTS |
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Disability awareness: Americans with Disabilities Act
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Title II of the A.D.A. states that no qualified individual with a disability they'll be discriminated against or excluded from participation in or sharing of the benefits of services, programs, employment, or activities of a public entity.
The ADA does not prevent an officer from enforcing laws, but it affects how long was the officers interact with people that have disabilities. The law requires that all officers provide the same level of services and enforce the laws equally for people with or without disabilities. |
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Protecting the rights of individuals with disabilities
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Did you with disabilities and the same rights of everyone else, and law enforcement officers must protect these rights.
Important note: some individuals with disabilities may not understand the Miranda rights as they are usually explain. This is particularly likely if a person is in a stressful situation, or has a disability that affects their ability to communicate. Explain the Miranda rights to them in terms of the person can understand, keeping in mind that build vocabulary and understanding of the concept of right may be limited. Whenever possible ensure that someone who knows the individual, such as a really good, Brandon, Tony, or agency staff member its present when interviewing a person with a disability. Video TV interview if possible. Document the interview or incidents report and inform the attorney's office as appropriate. |
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Guidelines for interacting with individuals with disabilities
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Officers should be sensitive and where people's differences wall demonstrating respect for their limitations. Never dismiss her disregard person because they have a disability. Treat a person with disabilities the same way you treat others. Maintain eye contact with and speak directly to the individual, even when an interpreter is present. Began a normal tone of voice unless the person has an impairment then, be purely and distinctly and write notes if necessary. Be patient. Never physically is this an individual with a disability without asking his or her permission to hell. Only offer help if the Medes seems obvious. It with this in his request thee, follow the persons instructions.
Some people with disabilities use service animals, as described in s.41 3.08, F.S. : a service animal for a person with a vision, hearing, or mobility impairment you may or may not wear and identifying harness or vest. The person may have documentation showing that the animal is a service animal, however, new certification is required in the law. A person with a service animal is entitled to free access for the curious. In the event that a person with a disability is arrested, the officer must arrange for care of the service animal preferably with a family member, friend, or even a kennel rather than calling animal control. |
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Physical impairment: mobility impairments
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The Americans with Disabilities Act defines physical or mobile impairment as a functional limitation that affects of one or more of the persons blood. People with mobility impairment me have limited used one or more of the extremities for walking, grasping, or lifting objects.
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, an individual can be considered disabled if they are regarded as having a physical impairment. Important note: do not assume that a person who has a mobile impairment needs assistance. |
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Physical impairment: vision impairment
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Vision impairment is a loss or partial loss of vision. The types of the impairments that an officer will encounter most of the time will be blindness and partial sight.
Blindness is a functional loss of vision. This definition applies to people who cannot see at all, are unable to distinguish light from darkness, and people who have some vision in one or both eyes. 80 to 90 percent of people who are blind or visually impaired have some vision. Partial sight is a visual impairment in which after correction, objects will look good in or out of focus. People with partial site may not the color well or at all or mail app for a provision, but they can still eat and even read with magnification or other aides. Assist a visually impaired victim by reassuring her that be a ceiling is no longer present. A witness was a visual impairment we provide useful and reliable non-visual observation. |
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Physical impairment: hearing impairment
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A hearing impairment is any degree of hearing loss. There are two classifications of hearing loss.
Classification 1: hard of hearing. A person who is hard of hearing may suffer a hearing loss but not to the extent that he or she must rely primarily on visual communication such as written notes or sign language. Hearing aids may not improve the person's ability to understand words, but me at least increase his or her ability to hear sound. Classification 2 : deafness. Deafness is a hearing loss of such the dirty that the individual must rely primarily on Google tools such as riding the comet just use, sign language, and lip reading to communicate. Some people with hearing impairments may have poor balance and or slurred speech, and may appear to be intoxicated. |
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Physical impairment: hearing impairment
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People with hearing impairments are generally attentative to to their surroundings With their eyes add their eyes must see what their ears cannot hear. Nonverbal communication such as sign language, which is signaling with hands and arms, or body movement simultaneously combined with facial expression in order to express their thoughts.
People with hearing impairments often indicate that they cannot hear by pointing to the ears or mouths, shaking their head no, or making some of their movements indicate that they do not understand. Lip reading: lip reading is the ability to understand what someone is saying by watching the movement of the lips, the facial expressions, and the body language of this occur when he or she is talking. Liberating is the least effective form of visual communication. When interacting with an individual with a hearing impairment, attempt to gain the individuals attention first A light switch on the arm should have attract his or her attention and avoid a startled response. State the person's name before beginning the conversation. Face the individual, maintain good eye contact, and speak directly clearly, and slowly, and distinctly, using the appropriate volume without shouting. |
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Physical impairment: hearing impairment
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A certified sign language interpreter is a person we can both receive an express information and interpret it effectively, accurate is asleep and I'm partially.
Aides such as cell phone applications, a computer, a telecommunications device for the death(TDD), and assisted listening device( sound amplifier with headphones ), or signal language interpreter also may be used to help with communication. Consider video taping all exchanges with subject who is hearing impaired |
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Physical impairments: hearing impairment
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when advising a deaf person of moranda right, provide the right the manor understood by the person, such as in writing or using a sign language interpreter. A person who is deaf and has a limited understanding of spoken English cannot annoyingly waved his or her right, unless the warning is given in a format he or she understand.
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Physical impairment: hearing impairment
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The Americans with Disabilities Act requires officers to give primary consideration to the individual expressed choice of communication assistance. I fit the situation maybe confrontation or do not rely on family members or friends to provide fine and good interpretation. You may receive by its information. Avoid using children as interpreters, as they may be unable to understand certain concepts or that the vocabulary to translate. in a domestic dispute, children may favor one parent over the other.
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Physical impairments: speech impaired
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A speech impairment is a physiological condition that causes someone to have difficulty in producing sound or understanding language. Common examples of speech impairment include stuttering and slurring of words. Causes of speech impairment can be from hearing loss, neurological disorders, a brain injury, and physical impairment such as a cleft lip or palate. If you're having difficulty understanding the person speech when providing assistance in a non confrontational incident, ask the individual if there is a family member, friend, or neighbor who may be able to provide assistance. If no one is available, as the person to repeat what he or she said or to use a pen and paper. If using a pen and paper to communicate, make the questions free and clear, and feed the people if necessary. Speech impairments can be present in many different forms, including language impairments or voice and sound disorders.
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A.S.L.
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American Sign Language: American Sign Language is a whole separate language from the English language. Individuals who have a command of American Sign Language can read English. English does not translate directly to American Sign Language.
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Developmental disability
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developmental disability and durable intellectual or behavioral endearment that shows itself before the age of 22 and is likely to continue indefinitely. Individuals with this disability have potential functional limitation in major life activities such as self care, learning, mobility, the capacity to live independently, and the ability to be canonically self sufficient.
Causes of developmental disability range from genetic disorders such as Down syndrome to prenatal illnesses and issues such as little alcohol syndrome and complications at 4. Childhood illnesses and injuries can also cause permanent and irreversible brain damage, resulting in intellectual disability before the age of 22. |
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Intellectual disabilities
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Intellectual disability, also referred to as mental retardation in it politically incorrect form, by the American Medical Association is a type of the boat mental disability. Regardless of the cause of an intellectual disability, the result is a lifelong condition characterized by slow intellectual development. A psychological evaluation is required to diagnose and intellectual disability early in childhood. Intellectual disabilities cannot be cured. Depending upon the individual's level of disability and access to available resources and caregivers, a person with an intellectual disability may be vulnerable to crimes of opportunity.
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Intellectual disabilities
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There are four levels of intellectual disability :
number 1 mile number 2 moderate number 3 severe number 4 profound |
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Intellectual disabilities
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The majority of individuals with an intellectual disability function at the mild level of academic and provoke a tional skills with special training and work within their community. Individuals with mild intellectual disability might not understand long-range consequences or be able to make appropriate choices, but they do sometimes realize when they have done something wrong.
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Intellectual disabilities
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Individuals with moderate intellectual disability make up 10% of the population of people living with an intellectual disability.
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Intellectual disabilities
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Individuals with a moderate intellectual disability can achieve a primary education and may be able to perform semi-skilled work under direct supervision.
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Intellectual disabilities
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Individuals with intellectual disabilities can be independent in familiar surroundings, but may easily be frustrated by unfamiliar surroundings and or circumstances.
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intellectual disabilities
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Individuals suffering from intellectual disabilities may have trouble describing events in chronological order and may not understand cause and effect. While they may understand that they have done something wrong, they may not grasp the significance of their actions
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Intellectual disabilities
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Individuals with a severe intellectual disability have very slow motor development and communication skills and frequently are under close and constant supervision or are living in a group home setting. These individuals may not be fully capable of living independently.
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Intellectual disabilities
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An individual with a profound intellectual disability will require constant care and supervision. And may not have developed basic speech. Generally officers will not come into direct contact with this type of individual an officer will more likely come into contact with their caregiver.
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Interacting with person with intellectual disabilities
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Be aware of politically correct terms for the specific intellectual disability:
examples: Incorrect:: correct deaf :: hearing impaired mental retardation:: intellectually disabled |
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Interacting with persons with intellectual disabilities
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Always keep in mind a person with intellectual disabilities may not be able to distinguish between abstract and concrete thought and might confess to crimes they did not commit.
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Interacting with persons with intellectual disabilities
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When interviewing an individual with intellectual disability be aware that the individual may be intimidated, you go to please inmate generally be in agreement with all authority figures.
If they're the need for services come over for a person with a little disabilities to the department children and family, the ARC, or local mental health facility. |
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Autism spectrum disorder also known as pervasive developmental disorder
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Autism spectrum disorders, sometimes called pervasive developmental disorder, is a term used to describe a group of conditions that are diagnosed in early childhood that continue throughout adulthood, and that are more prevalent among males than females.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also known as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
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These disorders are characterized by language and social developmental delay in self-regulating behaviors.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also known as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
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Individuals with these disorders receive a diagnosis between birth and three years of age in our developmentally delayed as this is a critical period for child development.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also known as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
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Autism is one type of pervasive developmental disorder.
An individual with high functioning autism, including a Apereger's syndrome may not have the delayed language development that is typically found in people with autism. |
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also known as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
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These individuals with autism may not have a concept of personal boundaries, or may be unable to connect emotionally to others. They may also be unable to understand abstract uses of language, such as humor and sarcasm.
Another characteristic of people with high functioning autism made me in a bit of interest in a particular subject, about Wednesday may carry on lengthy, one sided conversations with a high degree of knowledge. Those who want to interact with others are socially isolated may have serious issues with anxiety or depression. Individuals with low functioning autism may have to announce deficiencies in language and may even be nonverbal. Some low functioning autistic individuals may have varying degrees of mental challenges and are unable to behave appropriately in a social setting. Often be there visuals prefer to be alone, avoid eye contact with others, in there be a you can get a predictable. Individuals with low functioning autism name gage in coping skills known as self regulating behaviors. |
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also known as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
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self-regulating behavior: self-regulating behavior allow and over stimulated individual to come down and be able to accurately in their environment. Examples of behaviors include body rocking, hand flapping, finger flicking, pacing, or spinning. They may have an inability to control impulsive behavior or injure themselves through biting, picking at themselves, or banging their heads on a hard surface.
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Identifying veterans in transition
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Officers maine go to veterans and active duty members of the armed forces with a deep seeds in the military cold for bed is richard and then to the nature. Veterans transitioning from active duty to do you like your unique experience is from notary kutcher in combat with them. Visible tons of current 4 briar motor experience on their person or vehicle include :
A military-style your cut, tattoos with military subject matter, blended clothing such as a t-shirt with camouflage pants in a cap, hearing multiple weapons, body language, military stance, license plates in bumper stickers with military subject matter, providing it a military ID along with a driver's license, Florida license with "V" for veteran |
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Identifying veterans in transition
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when engaging and individual in conversation, an officer may notice military jargon or acronyms such as:
I'm on my way back to home base, I just got back from the sandbox, I'm enjoying my R&R status, the use of military acronyms. |
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Psychological stressors for veterans
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Because of their exposure to traumatic experiences, some veterans may have pronounced the physical and psychological disabilities as result of military duty. And individuals suffering from any of the following injuries or psychological disorders is likely to have prescribed medication and or be of medication.:
1 musculoskeletal injuries 1a limited range of motion 1b amputation 2 neurological injuries 2a traumatic brain injury (TBI) 2b loss of vision or hearing or both 2c chronic headaches 2d peripheral nerve injuries 3 psychological disorders 3a stress-induced conditions (ulcers) 3b lack of impulse control 3c hypervigilance 3d post traumatic stress disorder 3e suicidal thoughts or attempts 3f homicidal thoughts |
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Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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Post traumatic stress disorder is a severe anxiety disorder that develops after experiencing an extremely terrifying event. The individual may display such as symptoms as depression, anxiety, flashbacks, and recurring nightmares.
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Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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This person may become emotionally unresponsive or have unpredictable outbursts of anger do to intrusive thoughts or re-experiencing the event
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Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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Hypervigilance: hypervigilance is an enhanced state of awareness or being on guard that impedes one's ability to a relax or disengage from a stressful situation. People experiencing hypervigilance are always on the alert constantly scanning their environment for anticipated and your threats.
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Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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PTSD is a common anxiety guiding disorder experienced by combat veterans and those who have witnessed second hand trauma from such as medical professionals dealing with injuries suffered by combat veterans.
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Traumatic brain injuries(TBI)
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A traumatic brain injury is structural damage sustained by the brain resulting in temporarily or permanently and. Brain function. Closed head injuries can originate from a concussion or a rapid movement of the brain inside the school. Altered mental status can originate from a tumor, stroke, infection, or a lack of oxygen. An injury that causes the inside of the school to come into contact with the outside air is an open a head injury, which is frequently caused by vehicle accident sports injuries, construction accidents, violence, or an injury related to combat. All of these injuries are traumatic brain injuries.
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Traumatic brain injuries(TBI)
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The initial TBI causes a secondary injury which occurs when the brain swells within the scope create pressure result in further brain damage or death.
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Family relationships and career challenges
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The inability to easily transition to civilian life is an underlying stressor for veterans. These differences in ways of life become emotional triggers that can easily escalate ordinary situations to a crisis where the veteran may reach suddenly and possibly violently.
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Family relationships and career challenges
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family dynamics: in some instances, having a spouse or parent separated from family members for long periods of time makes it difficult for veterans to reintegrate back in the family setting. If suffering from a physical or emotional disability is coupled with difficulty reintegrating back into the family, some veterans can find themselves in domestic violence situations.
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Family relationships and career challenges
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Career difficulties: veterans may have held positions of leadership while in the military. However in civilian life they may find themselves taking orders instead of giving them. A lack of career options that do not use military training, such as that of a paratrooper, can also cause employment challenges.
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Coping behaviors exhibited by veterans
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Self medicating with drugs and alcohol can help the veteran to know his or her feelings and reactions, however it may push them towards irrational thinking and behaviors. Veterans will often avoid personal interactions in situations that cause me stress. Some of these cooking behaviour can increase strength in the family environment or place of employment.
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Officer techniques when interacting with a veteran
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All veterans have undergone extensive defensive and offensive training and are familiar with a wide assortment of weapons. This compose a very real threat to officer safety when you are unaware that an individual you are dealing with is a veteran in crisis. A veteran with a TBI or PTSD may have issues with substance abuse, mood changes, so if your judgement, and impulse control that can lead to unpredictable behavior. TBI or PTSD will distort a veteran's reaction to an incident in generate significant officer safety concern.
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officer techniques when interacting with a veteran
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When interacting with a veteran consider asking for backup from another officer with military background who can make a personal connection of shared experiences of military life. If the situation quickly escalated, immediately request backup.
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Characteristics of juvenile
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Juveniles are raised in a variety of homes, which can be traditional, blended families, and single parent homes. Florida Statute states that a juvenile is a person under the age of 18: however, most physiologist believe that the brain is not fully developed until 25.
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Juvenile offenders
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The juveniles me want to push the boundaries of the rules, both at home and in the public and may show a high degree of their responsibilities, little respect for authority, and unpredictable behavior patterns. Juveniles me also be manipulative and defiant when interacting with anyone including law enforcement. Many delinquent juveniles come from an unstable home environment which can contribute to behaviors such as bullying, violin, aggression, and petty crimes. There may also be a higher incidence of drug or alcohol involvement amongst these youth.
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Interacting with juvenile offenders
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Each situation involving a juvenile offender is unique. Some situations may require more patience and understanding while others may require a firmer more direct approach. A high degree of self control, patience, understanding, & flexibility, is required to work effectively with youthful offenders.
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Interacting with juvenile offenders
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You must be able to adapt to whatever situation arises is with a juvenile, such as truancy, rebellion, or dangerous behavior.
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Juvenile conflict resolution
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On occasion you may be called upon as a neutral third party to provide conflict resolution between a juvenile and their parent or caregiver. It may be necessary to separate both parties in an attempt to reduce the tension. Age gaps and gender differences maybe a barrier to communication or a key factor in the disagreement. Be aware of juvenile nonverbal messages, like rolling eyes and using defensive body posture and suitable tone of voice. Encourage participants to express their differences in disagreements call me and then talk about their shared understanding of the situation. The Department of Children and Families is responsible for this eve placement of abused and neglected children. After DCF is contacted in an abuse or neglect case and agency representative will coordinate with the law enforcement officer do you have the victim transported to a safe location. The officers you transport or arrange for the transportation of an individual who is being involuntarily committed to a treatment facility, jail, or other appropriate location.
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Juvenile conflict resolution
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The Department of Children and Families, DCF, is responsible for the safe placement of abused and neglected children.
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Elderly people
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Our elderly population is frequently dependent upon others. And elderly person is classified as a person 60 years of age or older who may be suffering from infirmities of aging. This may be manifested by advanced age, organic brain damage, or another physical, mental, emotional dysfunction. This person may not be able to adequately care for themselves.
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Elderly people
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Most members of the elderly population live at their homes, close family homes, or with family members,. A small percentage live in nursing homes. Elderly people can be more vulnerable to neglect, and crimes such as fraud or exploitation. They may be more reluctant to report crimes committed against them. Elderly people commit only a small percentage of crimes, violations like worthless checks and petty theft. Generally older people have a positive attitude toward law enforcement.
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Age-related medical conditions
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Advancing age is not synonymous with disease and disability. However as people age, the experience of sensory impairment. Examples include changes in their eyesight, including a loss of the EULA cutie and deterioration of depth, and distance, and peripheral perception. They are more likely than younger people to suffer a loss of balance. This loss of balance and increases the risk of falling. In addition to hearing loss and loss of ability to tell where a sound originated from, sensory impairment may limit a person's mobility, increase their likelihood of accidents, or lead to fear and isolation.
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age-related medical conditions
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Older people may also experience changes in their sense of touch. Some older people suffer from neuropathy. Many older people are prone to rips, tears, and bruising of the skin from everyday activities. Other physical and emotional conditions that tend to affect the elderly include incontinence, bed sores, dehydration, loneliness, and depression. Another was going to be doing is the loss of muscle strain, which makes performing daily tasks more difficult. Joints me stiffen due to arthritis, making movements extremely painful.
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Age-related medical conditions
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Older people may lose some cognitive ability, including the ability to process information, learn and remember. Officers should be patient when interviewing elderly people because it may take them longer to explain what they saw or experienced.
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Age-related medical conditions
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Some old people suffer from chronic medical conditions such as dementia or alzheimer's disease that results in residual or partial disabilities requiring long term management work or care.
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Age-related medical conditions
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Dementia: dementia is inorganic progressive mental disorder characterized by loss of memory, and impairment of judgment and abstract thinking and personality changes.
The frequently used term senile has a negative connotation and you should avoid using it. Elderly individuals can also experience a variety of mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and depression, in addition to dementia. Over medication or drug mixing may create a condition that resembles dementia. |
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Age related medical conditions
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Because of dementia in declining health, many elderly people often wander away from their homes or living facilities.
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guidelines for communicating with the elderly
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As with any other citizen, the way you communicate with the elderly people fix their views of law enforcement just because the person is elderly does not mean he or she is simple minded. When communicating with an older person always treat him over with dignity respect and patience. Speak directly to the person and establish and maintain eye contact and be sure to use a conversational tone.
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Available resources
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A variety of health and social services are available to assist elderly people and their families.
1 important resource is the florida older help line at 1 800 96 elder. The helpline provides a wide range of information to help older citizen obtain specific local and social services. Another resource is the Florida abuse registry hotline at 1 800 96 abuse. This hotline is available 24 hours a day to take reports of suspected cases of abuse. The Department of Children and Families is responsible for the safe placement of abused and neglected elderly and disabled adults. |
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Homeless people
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The face of homelessness is blurring across the nation as the country deals with an economic recession. Florida has the third highest number of people living in the streets or in emergency shelters in our country according to the Department of Children and Family Council on homelessness. Nearly 60,000 people live on the streets or in shelters daily. Hey wendy killed off the phone with in florida phone that 56,000 children and youth were homeless.
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Homeless people: shelter and support systems
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Homelessness is becoming increasingly bigger problem for law enforcement agencies in their communities. Homeless people may also be found congregating in downtown areas or sleeping in their vehicles. Some may also occupies vacant buildings or homes without the owners permission. The homeless now include more traditional families who have lost their homes, jobs, resources, and support systems.
Some homeless people come together, forming a non traditional family groups that provide protection, information, advice, in resources for members in the group. |
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Homeless people: crimes involving the homeless
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Homelessness lends itself to an array of nuisance crimes such as a littering, can handle in, or soliciting. Homeless people may commit that, burglaries, or other crimes of opportunity. Homeless individuals can be Runaways or true and from school, littering, urinating in public, or the face in public areas. On this can also be victims of crime by appearing to be an easier target.
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Law enforcement interaction with the homeless
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When interacting with the homeless you may have opportunities to provide information about services in lieu of making an arrest. Transporting a homeless person to an alternate location such as a fiddle based organization or related out shelter service may eliminate the original concerned that initially require the officers attention. This also serves to lessen the burden of the correctional system. Become familiar with your local resources including shelters and social programs provided through crisis intervention teams (CIT)
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Mental illness
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Mental illness: as defined by Florida Statute, mental illness is an impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercise the conscious control of one's actions. Mental illness in pairs one's ability to perceive or understand reality. Mental illness is not directly related to intelligence and occurs in people of all intellectual abilities. It does not necessarily interfere with intellectual abilities, but it requires psychiatric evaluation and treatment. People who suffer from a mental illness may never be seen by a mental health professional or may never have a diagnosis and so it significant incident or crisis occurs. A person with mental illness may have a thought, mood, anxiety, and/or personality disorder. It is common for an individual to have a combination of disorders.
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Thought disorders
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You might observe symptoms of a thought disorder by listening to what a person is saying and noticing that the person stuck being disorganized or not logically connected.
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Thought disorders
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Hallucination: a hallucination is a sensory experience in which a person can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel something that is not there.
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Thought disorders
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delusion: a delusion is a false belief that is firmly held in spite of obvious proof or evidence to the contrary. The delusion is that person's reality.
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Thought disorders
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Schizophrenia: schizophrenia is a brain disorder caused by a chemical imbalance that distorts the way people think, act, express emotions, and perceive reality. Schizophrenic people are out of touch with reality and me exhibit strange or shocking behaviors. They may have sudden changes in their behaviors and personalities when they lose touch with reality during a psychotic episode.
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Mood disorders
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Major depressive disorder (MDD)and bipolar disorder are to the most common type the mood disorders that an officer maine counter. officers may also encounter drug induced mod disorders from Droid and alcohol abuse.
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Mood disorders
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major depressive disorder is different from the brief situational depressive episode that most people commonly feel during the experience of the loss of a loved one or loss of a job or loss of finances. The term major depressive refers to a clinically diagnosed mental illness for some having multiple major depressive episodes. These individuals may be profoundly sad, crying uncontrollably, unable to concentrate, or says that he or she cannot sleep or is suicidal.
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Mood disorders
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Alternating episodes of depression and mania are the main characteristics of bipolar disorder formerly known as manic depressive illness. Symptoms of a manic episode include loud, quick, uninterupted speech, racing thoughts, fidgeting, and hyperactivity. Such a person is easily distracted or may have exaggerated sense of self powers, and abilities.
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Anxiety disorders
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Anxiety disorders can range in intensity from mild to debilitating. Some people with anxiety disorders can have panic attacks that are so severe that they mimic a heart attack. During a panic attack the person will likely experience rapid heartbeat, chest discomfort, sweating, tension, trembling, choking, in a feeling that something terrible is about to happen. The characteristics of an anxiety disorder include excessive nervousness, tension, apprehension, fight or flight behavior, excessive fear or anticipation of imminent danger, flashbacks or ritual list of behaviors such as excessive hand washing.
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Anxiety disorders
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The four most common types of anxiety disorders are:
1 panic disorders : these individuals experience an extreme panic with a racing heartbeat sweating tension and feeling that something terrible is about to happen. This can be accompanied by chest pain, or discomfort, sweating, trembling, choking, or feeling that one is going to die. 2 obsessive compulsive disorder OCD: these individuals will have intrusive thoughts and impulses resulting in ritual listing behaviors such as an excessive need to count, excessively washing their hands, or an extreme need to avoid dirt. 3 post traumatic stress disorder PTSD: these individuals will have the pretty dramatic evite the jazz war common app to disaster, sexual or physical a thought, or the unexpected up available 1, it is scared to rise by laughing thoughts and memories of terror closing emotional numbness. The person to bring from p_t is the may not have had the tramatic experience, but may have witnessed it or been affected by anothers drama. 4 phobias: an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as a fear of heights, spiders, or leaving home. |
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Personality disorders
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A personality disorder is a deeply ingrained nonpsychotic inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving and behaving. This disorder is serious enough to cause distress to the people around the individual with the personality disorder. An individual with such disorder may display anxious, beautiful, dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior and impaired functioning such as difficulties socializing or with jobs.
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Personality disorders
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There are three main types of personality disorders:
1 antisocial: 2 narcissistic: 3 borderline: |
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Personality disorders
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Antisocial: a person with antisocial personality disorder as a long term pattern of behavior that violates rules, social norms, and the rights of others. These individuals also seem to let the capacity for empathy, guilt, and remorse. They will lie and exploit for personal gain and pleasure, and have no regard for right or wrong and will typically take unnecessary risks. These individuals are often child abusers, pedophiles, review, or gang members and our homicidal. There is limited effective medical or psychological treatment for this personality disorder.
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Personality disorders
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Narcissistic: a person with narcissistic personality disorder is an individual with an inflated sense of importance, need for admiration, or a desire to be feared or nortorious. Characteristics are dramatic emotional behaviors, difficulties with relationships, a lack of empathy for others, and being aggressive when challenged. There are no medications to treat narcissistic personality disorder only psychotherapy.
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Personality disorders
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Borderline: people with borderline personality disorder or significantly emotionally unstable, and are usually aware of their behavior, but lack the ability to control it. These people often experience rapid in intense mood swings that typically involve anger, erratic, self destructive, and impulsive behavior toward themselves or others. These individuals are often gamblers in risk takers and display inappropriate anger that escalated into physical fights and domestic violence. Treatment is primarily psychotherapy however there are medications that can help manage co-occurring problems such as anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness.
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Encountering individuals with mental illness
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Officers interacting with individuals who dis play any of the symptoms of having a mental illness should ask them if they have been diagnosed with mental illness. Ask if they are taking any medications, prescribed or illicit, and whether they are taking the appropriate dosage. If the person is experiencing auditory or visual hallucinations, ask them what they are hearing or seeing. People stop taking their medications for several reasons. They are feeling better and believe they no longer need it. The experience intolerable side effects that outweigh the benefits of the medication. They may also collect the money necessary to get the prescription filled, the transportation to get the medication, or support of family and friends. Previous experiences may cause them to distrust mental health care system, or they may be misinformed about the benefits of the medication. Also, people may feel that the medication is somehow harmful.
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Substance abuse
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Substance use vs substance abuse:
substance use: substance use can include having a casual drink with friends, taking a prescribed drug according to label directions, or taking aspirin daily to prevent heart disease. It can be legal or illegal, therapeutic or recreational and can lead to substance abuse. Substance abuse: substance abuse is the continued misuse of substances that negatively affect the mind and body. Substance abuse adversely affects the individual's social or occupational life and psychological or physical health. Some examples of substance abuse include misusing prescribe medication, binge drinking, sniffing were kneeling glute, using cocaine, or smoking marijuana. For individuals with addictive personalities, if there's anything you can quickly lead to dependence and addiction. |
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Illnesses that mimic substance abuse
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The Milnes is in medical conditions have symptoms that many characteristics of substance abuse. A person in diabetic shock me a staggering if you're drunk: a diabetic coma because a person reading to smell like sweet fruity alcoholic drinks. An individual experiencing an epileptic episode can appear to have been in a drunken stupor or confused state during a severe episode individual can become violent for brief periods of time. High blood pressure can sometimes cause people to become temporarily irrational. A head injury may cause confusion and belligerent. People suffering from a stroke me appear dizzy and confused than me vomit or lose consciousness. Parkinson disease can cause shaking slurred speech and the appearance of intoxication. Cerebral palsy and wernicke syndrome can cause sufferers to appear confused and have faulty muscular coordination or paralysis of the eye muscles. People with degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and dementia may Steger, acting appropriately, be forgetful, or wander aimlessly.
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The cycle of substance abuse
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Substance abuse is one of America's leading health and social problems that will affect the community you serve. It starts with a person having a pain or discomfort either mentally or physically and continues when that person is offered acceptance to temporarily relieve the discomfort. The next time the discomfort occurs the person speaks that same substance to cope because it worked previously. The cycle continues in the present turn to substance more and more to get along in life. Tolerance build and one more of the same substance is needed to feel good, creating a dependency.
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The cycle of substance abuse
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Drug tolerance: occurs when a person needs to increase the dosage of the drug to produce the same effect as the initial dosage. Drug tolerance often leads to substance dependence.
Substance dependence: is the compulsive abuse of substances. In this instance the user / abuser has no psychological addiction. The need to obtain and use the substance by any means necessary becomes the constant focus of a person's life. Psychological dependence: occurs when a person feels that he or she needs drugs to cope with problems, functions better in life, or feel happier. Psychological dependence can lead to physical addiction. Physical addiction: occurs when a person is chemically and physically dependent upon the substance to maintain normal functioning, not just the central nervous system but all systems. Addiction: is a state of physical and/or psychological dependence on a substance. When use of the substance is discontinued, withdrawal occurs. Withdrawal: refers to physical and mental symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped period symptoms vary depending on the drug but can include agitation, confusion, cramps, sweating, convulsions. In extreme cases, withdrawal symptoms, if not managed appropriately can lead to death. Detoxification: the process of allowing the body to rid itself of a drug while managing the symptoms of withdrawal. It is often the first up in a drug treatment program. Overdose: is the accidental or intentional use of a drug in dangerously large amount of substance that leads to death. |
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Drug treatment
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Drug treatment court programs offer an opportunity for substance abusers to participate in intensive supervised program. Criteria for successful completion of the drug program include consecutive negative drug screens, a substance abuse assessment by certified addiction counselor, and other coordinated strategies with ongoing judicial interaction.
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